Bilingual speakers often have less language experience compared to monolinguals as a result of speaking two languages and/or a later age of acquisition of the second language. This may result in weaker and less precise phonological representations of words in memory, which may cause greater retrieval effort during spoken word recognition. To gauge retrieval effort, the present study compared th...

The article deals with the artistic originality of bilingualism one leading modern Mordovian playwrights Alexander Pudin. most productive types it in work playwright are defined, and reasons for use two languages writing process identified. importance transition from language to another is emphasized order expand aesthetic boundaries author’s worldview accurately convey ethnic nuances foreign-l...

the concept of entrepreneurship has derived much attention to itself from scientific boards and public and private organizations in the recent decades. a brief review on the literature of entrepreneurship reveals that due to the economic approaches taken, entrepreneurship is setting forth to find out new ways to maximize the benefit and income. at the other hand, social organizations, too, must...

The influence of bilingualism on cognitive functioning is currently a topic of intense scientific debate. The strongest evidence for a cognitive benefit of bilingualism has been demonstrated in executive functions. However, the causal direction of the relationship remains unclear: does learning other languages improve executive functions or are people with better executive abilities more likely...

Abstract Although the question of whether and how bilingualism affects executive functions has been extensively debated, less attention paid to cognitive abilities speakers different varieties same language, in linguistic situations such as bidialectalism diglossia. Similarly bilingual situation, diglossia have two language that are active at time. However, these argued potentially provide vari...