Three critical aromatic sites have been identified in the yeast galactose transporter Gal2: Tyr(352) at the extracellular boundary of putative transmembrane segment (TM) 7, Tyr(446) in the middle of TM10 and Phe(504) in the middle of TM12. The relationship between these sites was investigated by random mutagenesis of each combination of two of the three residues. Galactose transport-positive cl...

In this study, heat shock protein, Hspa5 was cloned, expressed and purified subsequently confirmed that it interacted with the tyrosinase (TYR) in vitro. Then, using the crystal structure of the homologous protein from the bacteria as a template, a homology model of human TYR was constructed. This model was further applied to investigate the molecular docking with Hspa5. The model showed that t...

Sesame peptide powder (SPP) exhibited angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity, and significantly and temporarily decreased the systolic blood pressure (SBP) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) by a single administration (1 and 10 mg/kg). Six peptide ACE inhibitors were isolated and identified from SPP. The representative peptides, Leu-Val-Tyr, Leu-Gln-Pro and Leu-Lys-Tyr...

The mechanisms that lead to variation in human skin and hair color are not fully understood. To better understand the molecular control of skin and hair color variation, we modulated the expression of Tyrosinase (Tyr), which controls the rate-limiting step of melanogenesis, by expressing a single-copy, tetracycline-inducible shRNA against Tyr in mice. Moderate depletion of TYR was sufficient to...

In this study we tested the idea that the food supplement l-Tyrosine (TYR) repletes resources required for cognitive-control operations. We investigated whether the "updating" (and monitoring) of working memory (WM) representations, a key cognitive-control function, can be promoted by administering TYR, the biochemical precursor of dopamine. Participants performed an N-back task where we compar...

The TYR gene (MIM #6069333) is located at position 11q14.3 on the human chromosome, and encodes tyrosinase, which is expressed in melanocytes and controls the biosynthesis of melanin. Most TYR mutations eliminate the activity of tyrosinase, preventing melanocytes from producing any melanin throughout life. People with this form of albinism have white hair, light-coloured eyes and very pale skin...

Suc-Tyr-Leu-Phe-pNA is a good substrate for human leukocyte cathepsin G and achymotrypsin but not for human leukocyte elastase(HLE).However,Suc-Tyr-D-Leu-D-Phe-pNA inhibited not only cathepsin G and a-chymotrypsin but also HLE(Ki values,1.1,0 .94 and0.16mM, respectively).The p-nitroanilide(pNA)moiety of Suc-Tyr—Leu—Phe-pNA and Suc-Tyr-D-Leu-DPhe-pNA was substituted with p-benzoylaniline(BZA) ,p...

Although Tyr-melanocyte-stimulating hormone release-inhibiting factor 1 (MIF-1) (Tyr-Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2) can exert a number of biological actions in the brain and elsewhere, it has never been isolated from any tissue. Accordingly, we attempted to purify it from acetic acid extracts of bovine brain tissue by gel filtration chromatography and several different high performance liquid chromatographic...

In different phases of the transcription cycle, RNA polymerase (Pol) II recruits various factors via its C-terminal domain (CTD), which consists of conserved heptapeptide repeats with the sequence Tyr(1)-Ser(2)-Pro(3)-Thr(4)-Ser(5)-Pro(6)-Ser(7). We show that the CTD of transcribing yeast Pol II is phosphorylated at Tyr(1), in addition to Ser(2), Thr(4), Ser(5), and Ser(7). Tyr(1) phosphorylati...

Src family kinases are maintained in an assembled, inactive conformation by intramolecular interactions of their SH2 and SH3 domains. Full catalytic activity requires release of these restraints as well as phosphorylation of Tyr-416 in the activation loop. In previous structures of inactive Src kinases, Tyr-416 and flanking residues are disordered. We report here four additional c-Src structure...