Likelihood ratio tests of over-identifying restrictions on the common trends loading matrices in I(2) VAR systems are discussed. It is shown how hypotheses on the common trends loading matrices can be translated into hypotheses on the cointegration parameters. Algorithms for (constrained) maximum likelihood estimation are presented, and asymptotic properties sketched. The techniques are illustr...

Abstract Background Usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) is a fatal disease that associated with poor prognosis and survival. Several growth factors such as IGFs (insulin-like factors) IGFBPs factor binding proteins) seem to take part this pathogenesis. Pirfenidone an immunosuppressant drug thought have anti-inflammatory anti-fibrotic effects both in vitro vivo. Objective To assess IGFBP1 IGFBP2 ...

We read with interest the recent report titled "High short-term mortality following lung biopsy for usual interstitial pneumonia" by UTZ et al. [1]. The major implications of this study are that there is a high short-term mortality following surgical lung biopsy for usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP), and that this high risk of death is related to the procedure itself. Given the importance of s...

The effects of ultrasonic impact peening (UIP) on the mechanical properties and fatigue strength AA1100 alloy were compared to those untreated alloy. UIP technic is widely used in a variety applications increase hardness, tensile strength, surface characteristics, life metals. Due plastic deformation layer, process generated compressive residual stresses metal's upper layers. Extensive investig...

PURPOSE To evaluate the incidence and pathologic correlation of thin-section computed tomography (TSCT) findings in smoking-related interstitial fibrosis (SRIF) with pulmonary emphysema. PATIENTS AND METHODS Our study included 172 consecutive patients who underwent TSCT and subsequent lobectomy. TSCT findings including clustered cysts with visible walls (CCVW) and ground-glass attenuation wit...

This paper contributes to the expanding literature on unconventional monetary policies. So far, much of the literature has focused on advanced economies. This may be natural because the United States and the European Union are the sources of the current crisis. However, many emerging markets have also been affected by the current crisis, and their central banks have employed unconventional poli...

Auscultation of Velcro crackles has been proposed as a key finding in physical lung examination in patients with interstitial lung diseases (ILDs), especially in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). However, no studies have been carried out to assess the association of Velcro crackles with other clinical variables.We evaluated a cohort of 132 patients, prospectively and consecutively included i...

User interface (UI) prototyping (UIPing) (Connell and Shafer 1989, 1995) is a commonly employed requirements elicitation and validation technique, used to determine the functionality, UI, data structure, and other characteristics of a system. User requirements are explored through experimental development, demonstration, refinement, and iteration. The UI prototype (UIP) is built during the requ...