Abstract. We investigated the radiative impact of recent process-based improvements to oceanic ozone (O3) dry deposition parameterisation and empirical lightning-generated oxides nitrogen (LNOx) by conducting a 5-year simulation Australian Community Climate Earth System Simulator – United Kingdom Chemistry Aerosol (ACCESS-UKCA) global chemistry–climate model, with effects O3, methane (CH4) aero...

It has been argued that the practice of siege warfare is at very limit legality under terms International Humanitarian Law.[1] The question addressed in this essay might be rephrased: how do laws armed conflict permitsieges to become humanitarian disasters? More precisely, can military doctrine regarding efficacy operations induce surrender besieged forces comply real world with conflict? Since...

The objective of this thesis is the development of signal processing and analysis techniques that would provide sharply improved speech recognition accuracy in highly reverberant environments. Speech is a natural medium of communication for humans, and in the last decade various speech technologies like automatic speech recognition (ASR), voice response systems etc. have considerably matured. T...

Flexible collaboration is a notable attribute of Web 2.0, which is often in the form of multiple users participating different activities that together complete a whole business process. In such an environment, business processes may be dynamically customized or adjusted, as well as the participants may be selected or attend uncertainly. So how to ensure the legitimacy of a business process for...

In any legal system, one finds numerous rules and practices as well as constitutional provisions which are incompatible with utilitarian considerations. These rules and practices often grant benefits to an individual whose wellbeing is at risk; yet the costs of these benefits to other individuals outweigh the benefits. Thus, for instance, despite the persistent belief of economists that efficie...

Coherent risk measures have become a popular tool for incorporating risk aversion into stochastic optimization models. For dynamic models in which uncertainly is resolved at more than one stage, however, use of coherent risk measures within a standard single-level optimization framework presents the modeler with an uncomfortable choice between two desirable model properties, time consistency an...

In computation intelligence and machine learning researchers often look to other fields of study, such as anthropology, biology, computer science, psychology, philosophy and neuroscience to shape the algorithms being developed. Intelligence, which is generally attributed to humans, animals and plants, can be characterized by abstract thought, understanding, communication, reasoning, learning, p...

OBJECTIVE To study the effect of cervical screening on incidence of cervical cancer as a function of age with particular focus on women screened under the age of 25. DESIGN Population based case-control study with prospectively recorded data on cervical screening. SETTING Selected centres in the United Kingdom. PARTICIPANTS 4012 women aged 20-69 with invasive cancer diagnosed in participa...

MOTIVATION RNA secondary structure plays an important role in the function of many RNAs, and structural features are often key to their interaction with other cellular components. Thus, there has been considerable interest in the prediction of secondary structures for RNA families. In this article, we present a new global structural alignment algorithm, RNAG, to predict consensus secondary stru...

To design hydraulic structures, predicting the discharge of flood is necessary, the main cause lies in failure that may occur in downstream. Most hydraulic structures were destructed because of the lack of resistance against floods with flow rate more than design flood, so selecting design flood is one of important decisions should be made as an effective factor accompany with other hydrologic ...