The Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) narrows in response to global warming in both observations and climate models. However, a physical understanding of this narrowing is lacking. Here we show that the narrowing of the ITCZ in simulations of future climate is related to changes in the moist static energy (MSE) budget. MSE advection by the mean circulation and MSE divergence by transient ed...

The magnetic pitch angle and the magnitude from reversed field pinch plasmas in the Madison symmetric torus (MST) have been routinely obtained from fully resolved motional Stark effect (MSE) spectrum analyses. Recently, the spectrum fit procedure has been improved by initializing and constraining the fit parameters based on the MSE model in the atomic data and analysis structure. A collisional-...

BACKGROUND Standard two-dimensional (2D) cell migration assays do not provide information about vertical invasion processes, which are critical for melanoma progression. We provide information about three-dimensional (3D) melanoma cell migration, proliferation and invasion in a 3D melanoma skin equivalent (MSE) model. In particular, we pay careful attention to compare the structure of the tissu...

Rate of convergence results are established for vector quantization. Convergence rates are given for a n increasing vector dimension a n d / o r a n increasing training set size. I n particular, the following results are shown for memoryless realvalued sources with bounded support a t transmission rate R: (1) If a vector quantizer with fixed dimension k is designed to minimize the empirical mea...

OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between movie smoking exposure (MSE) and adolescent smoking according to rating category. METHODS: A total of 6522 US adolescents were enrolled in a longitudinal survey conducted at 8-month intervals; 5503 subjects were followed up at 8 months, 5019 subjects at 16 months, and 4575 subjects at 24 months. MSE was estimated from 532 recent box-office hits, blo...

OBJECTIVE To examine the association between movie smoking exposure (MSE) and adolescent smoking according to rating category. METHODS A total of 6522 US adolescents were enrolled in a longitudinal survey conducted at 8-month intervals; 5503 subjects were followed up at 8 months, 5019 subjects at 16 months, and 4575 subjects at 24 months. MSE was estimated from 532 recent box-office hits, blo...

— New bounds on the rate distortion function of certain non-Gaussian sources, with a proportional-weighted mean-square error (MSE) distortion measure, are given. The growth, g, of the rate distortion function, as a result of changing from a non-weighted MSE distortion measure to a proportional-weighted distortion criterion is analyzed. It is shown that for a small distortion, d, the growth, g, ...

The problem of accurately estimating the Mean Squared Error (MSE) of Small Area Estimators (SAE’s) within a Fay-Herriot (1979) normal-error model is studied theoretically in the common setting where the model is fitted to a logarithmically transformed response variable. For bias-corrected EBLUP small-area point estimators, MSE formulas and estimators are provided, with biases of smaller order t...

This paper presents an accurate and simple method to evaluate the performance of AD/DA converters affected by clock jitter, which is based on the analysis of the mean square error (MSE) between the reconstructed signal and the original one. Using an approximation of the linear minimum MSE (LMMSE) filter as reconstruction technique, we derive analytic expressions of the MSE. Through asymptotic a...

In this paper, we present performance of pilot based channel estimation techniques such as Least Squares (LS) and Linear Minimum Mean Square Error (LMMSE) for different interpolation methods and modulation schemes. The performance is evaluated using the mean squared error (MSE) as the performance metric of interest for downlink LTE system. Simulation results show that for low SNR environment, a...