this paper deals with volume fraction optimization of functionally graded (fg) beams resting on elastic foundation for maximizing the first natural frequency. the two-constituent functionally graded beam consists of ceramic and metal. these constituents are graded through the thickness of beam according to a generalized power-law distribution. one of the advantages of using generalized power- l...

This paper presents the surface piezomagnetoelasticity theory for size-dependent buckling analysis of an embedded piezoelectric/magnetostrictive nanobeam (PMNB). It is assumed that the subjected forces from the surrounding medium contain both normal and shear components. Therefore, the surrounded elastic foundation is modeled by Pasternak foundation. The nonlocal piezomagnetoelasticity theory i...

Most of the existing concrete dams are subjected to cracking. These cracks are caused by various factors such as construction practices, curing, loads and volume change of mass concrete which reduce the efficiency, failure or instability of concrete dams. Using fracture mechanics as a new method to estimate stability and durability of concrete dams is recommended in scientific publications in w...

It is known that paraconsistent logic programming, which is usually based upon a paraconsistent logic, is important in dealing with inconsistency-tolerant and non-monotonic reasoning appropriately. Firstly in this paper, a cut-free single succedent sequent system SN4 and a cut-free multiple succedent sequent system MN4 are introduced for Nelson’s paraconsistent 4-valued logic N4 [3], and the un...

The method of differential quadrature is employed to analyze the free vibration of a cracked cantilever beam resting on elastic foundation. The beam is made of a functionally graded material and rests on a Winkler-Pasternak foundation. The crack action is simulated by a line spring model. Also, the differential quadrature method with a geometric mapping are applied to study the free vibration o...

Learning objects are under discussion in the context of electronic and in particular Web-based learning. Intuitively, they represent reusable units of learning content that can be consumed or studied within a single learning session, and that can be sequenced into larger units such as classes and courses if necessary or desired. To achieve these goals, making learning objects amenable to the te...