background: this study aimed to evaluated trends for iron and manganese concentrations in wells, reservoirs, and water distribution networks in qom city during the summer of 2012. methods: this was a cross-sectional study. the studied scopes consisted of groundwater (60 wells), reservoirs (10 tanks), and water distribution network (33 points). one sample was taken from each source monthly. stat...

Repetitive elements are important in genomic structures, functions and regulations, yet effective methods in precisely identifying repetitive elements in DNA sequences are not fully accessible, and the relationship between repetitive elements and periodicities of genomes is not clearly understood. We present an ab initio method to quantitatively detect repetitive elements and infer the consensu...

For mixing Zd-actions generated by commuting automorphisms of a compact abelian group, we investigate the directional uniformity of the rate of periodic point distribution and mixing. When each of these automorphisms has finite entropy, it is shown that directional mixing and directional convergence of the uniform measure supported on periodic points to Haar measure occurs at a uniform rate ind...

The Cal Poly ITRC irrigation evaluation programs have been widely used to assess the global distribution uniformity (DU) of drip and microsprayer irrigation systems. The field procedures and formulas used in the program are presented in this paper. The system DU is estimated by mathematically combining the component DU values. DU components include pressure differences, "other causes" (such as ...

Introduction: Corrosion and scaling of water in distribution systems in spite of imposing economic and aesthetic problems can lead to adverse effects on consumers' health. The present study was conducted to evaluate the corrosion and scaling of water distribution system of Sarableh city (Ilam, Iran) during summer and winter seasons in 2014. Materials and methods: Totally, 60 samples of wate...

We study the problem of generalized uniformity testing [BC17] of a discrete probability distribution: Given samples from a probability distribution p over an unknown discrete domain Ω, we want to distinguish, with probability at least 2/3, between the case that p is uniform on some subset of Ω versus -far, in total variation distance, from any such uniform distribution. We establish tight bound...

Let U and V be independent random variables with continuous density function on the interval (0, 1). We describe families of functions g for which uniformity of U and V is equivalent to uniformity of g(U, V) on (0, 1). These results axe used to prescribe methods for improving the quality of pseudo-random number generators by making them closer in distribution to the U(0, 1) distribution.

When testing that a sample of n points in the unit hypercube [0, 1] comes from a uniform distribution, the Kolmogorov–Smirnov and the Cramér–von Mises statistics are simple and well-known procedures. To encompass these measures of uniformity, Hickernell introduced the so-called generalized Lp-discrepancies. These discrepancies can be used in numerical integration through Monte Carlo and quasi–M...