In order to protect secret information from sensitive and various applications, secured authentication system should be incorporated; it should contain security and confidentiality. Even if it is assumed that the cryptographic primitives are perfect, the security goals may not be achieved: the system itself may have weaknesses that can be exploited by an attacker in network attacks. In this pap...

In wireless network and mobile network, a two-factor authentication scheme for roaming services enables a mobile user to achieve mutual authentication and key agreement with the foreign agent. In this paper, we review Kim et al.’s anonymous authentication scheme in global mobility networks. Analysis shows that Kim et al.’s scheme fails to achieve anonymity and two-factor authentication. In addi...

Biometric mechanisms of authentication are becoming a popular approach to securing computer systems, networks and other critical resources. This paper proposes a behavioural authentication system based on user interaction with computer games. Literature about current physical and behavioural biometric methods is reviewed and game based authentication design and implementation issues are discuss...

This document specifies an Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) mechanism for authentication and session key distribution using the UMTS AKA authentication mechanism. AKA is based on symmetric keys, and runs typically in a UMTS Subscriber Identity Module, a smart card like device. AKA provides also backward compatibility to GSM authentication, making it possible to use EAP AKA for authentic...

The Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) describes a framework that allows the use of multiple authentication mechanisms. This document defines an authentication mechanism for EAP called EAP-EKE, based on the Encrypted Key Exchange (EKE) protocol. This method provides mutual authentication through the use of a short, easy to remember password. Compared with other common authentication metho...

Authentication is one of the essential security features in network communication. Authentication process ascertains the legitimacy of the communicating partners in communication. In authentication process, the originator of the communication and the respondent transacts some identification codes of each other prior to start of the message transaction. Several methods have been proposed regardi...

The protocol design for wireless roaming authentication is challenging because of the key management regarding users and home/visited networks. In this paper, we present two authentication methods that demonstrate better performance in terms of authentication latency and energy consumption of a mobile terminal, compared to the 3G cellular network approach of home network transporting authentica...

quantitative histology of the descended testis of unilateral cryptorchid bucks was compared with testis of normal bucks to evaluate the reproductive potentials of the scrotal testis in unilateral cryptorchids, using light microscopy techniques. the contralateral scrotal testes of the unilateral cryptorchids and the testes of the normal bucks contained profiles of seminiferous epithelium and eac...