this article, after explaining the concept of peace building in the framework of united nations peace operations, considers the challenges facing it. peace operations are a complex and inter-related set of activities which lack clear legal status in the united nations charter, but are accessible instruments for the maintenance of international peace and security. despite the fact that peace bui...

One of the International Development Targets agreed by the UN Social Summit in 1995 is to halve the 1990 incidence of dollar-a-day poverty in developing and transitional countries by 2015. This note estimates progress towards that target. If China, each country in South Asia, and each other region changes incidence in 1998-2015 at the same rate as in 1990-98, then overall dollar poverty inciden...

United Nations (2012) Framework of operational guidelines on United Nations support to southsouth and triangular cooperation. High-Level Committee on South-South Cooperation, 12 April. United Nations (2014a) The road to dignity by 2030; ending poverty, transforming all lives and protecting the planet, synthesis report of the Secretary-General on the post-2015 sustainable development agenda. A/6...

1 World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 2 Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, Geneva, Switzerland, 3 Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunisation (GAVI), Geneva, Switzerland, 4 United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), New York, New York, United States of America, 5 Human Development Network, World Bank, Washington, D.C., United States of America, 6 Joint United Nation...

Misspecification of the covariance structure for repeated measurements in longitudinal analysis may lead to biased estimates of the regression parameters and under or overestimation of the corresponding standard errors in the presence of missing data. The so-called sandwich estimator can 'correct' the variance, but it does not reduce the bias in point estimates. Removing all assumptions from th...

Rapid urban growth induces global environmental change, particularly when it comes to production, consumption, and the generation of waste. According to the United Nations, most of the world's population will be living in cities by the year 2030. In developing countries, urban agglomerations are growing at twice the rate of overall population growth. Each day, approximately 160,000 people migra...

The UN Committee on the Rights of the Child has criticised Australia (and many other countries) in State Reports released in 1997, 2005 and, most recently, 2011, for not introducing a ban on corporal punishment by parents of their children in line with Article 19 of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (‘CROC’). In light of this criticism, and the clear recommendation to ban parental co...

To ensure all drug users can benefit from TB and HIV prevention, treatment support and care — including those in prison — WHO, UNAIDS and the UN Office on Drugs and Crime have developed Policy guidelines for collaborative TB and HIV services for injecting and other drug users an integrated approach. The measures* aim to break down the barriers that stand in the way of better health, outline key...