The minimum complexity or minimum description-length criterion developed by Kolmogorov, Rissanen, Wallace, So&in, and others leads to consistent probability density estimators. These density estimators are defined to achieve the best compromise between likelihood and simplicity. A related issue is the compromise between accuracy of approximations and complexity relative to the sample size. An i...

This paper describes the multilingual design of the EuroWordNet database. The EuroWordNet database stores wordnets as autonomous language-specific structures that are interconnected via an Inter-Lingual-Index (ILI). In this paper, we discuss the possibilities to create mappings from each wordnet to the central ILI and how the ILI itself can be adapted to provide more overlap across the wordnets...

Object-relational database management systems allow users to define complex data types, such as objects, collections, and nested tables. Unfortunately, most commercially available database systems do not support either efficient querying or indexing of complex attributes. Different indexing schemes for complex data types have been proposed in the literature so far, most of them being applicatio...

INTRODUCTION We examined the best-fit index for describing the constitutional or physical characteristics of Sasang typology for its universal application. METHODS Ponderal index (PI), body mass index (BMI), and basal metabolic rate (BMR) of the nationwide participants (n = 1663; age, 31-60 years) were calculated. We described and analyzed the usefulness of each index for maximizing the diffe...

Platelet activation in blood flow under high, overcritical shear rates is initiated by Von Willebrand factor. Despite the large amount of experimental data that have been obtained, the value of the critical shear rate, above which von Willebrand factor starts to activate platelets, is still controversial. Here, we recommend a theoretical approach to elucidate how the critical blood shear rate i...

We introduce a universal method to optically induce multiperiodic photonic complex superstructures bearing two-dimensional (2D) refractive index modulations over several centimeters of elongation. These superstructures result from the accomplished superposition of 2D fundamental periodic structures. To find the specific sets of fundamentals, we combine particular spatial frequencies of the resp...

I consider analytically particle acceleration at relativistic shocks, in the limit of pitch angle diffusion and large shock Lorentz factors. The derived energy spectrum index (k = (1 + √ 13)/2 ≈ 2.30), and particle pitch angle distribution at the shock are successfully compared with the results of numerical solutions. This totally analytic derivation is completely independent of the detailed de...

investments in the extension of health insurance coverage, the strengthening of public health services, as well as primary care and better hospitals, highlights the emerging role of healthcare as part of china’s new growth regime, based on an expansion of services, and redistributive policies. such investments, apart from their central role in terms of relief for low-income people, serve to reb...

this article is intended to be a survey on some combinatorial topics in group theory. the bibliography at the end is neither claimed to be exhaustive, nor is it necessarily connected with a reference in the text. i include it as i see it revolves around the concepts which are discussed in the text.

The goal of this paper is to apply the universal gerbe of [CMi1] and [CMi2] to give an alternative, simple and more unified view of the relationship between index theory and gerbes. We discuss determinant bundle gerbes [CMMi1] and the index gerbe of [L] for the case of families of Dirac operators on odd dimensional closed manifolds. The method also works for a family of Dirac operators on odd d...