The genetic diversity of 77 Trichoderma harzianum isolates collected from sunflower rhizosphere soils in Urmia, Khoy, and Salmas West Azerbaijan province, Iran, was evaluated by using the Universal Rice Primer (URP) molecular marker. DNA band pattern developed seven primers this These produced 186 gene loci, out which 182 loci were polymorphic. Accordingly, calculated, their kinship relations d...

AIM This research was conducted to differentiate and characterize eight Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolates collected from vaccinated chicken at commercial flocks in West Java, Indonesia, in 2011, 2014 and 2015 by pathotype specific primers. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of eight NDV isolates collected from clinical outbreaks among commercial vaccinated flocks in West Java, Indonesia, in 2...

A method, termed hierarchical oligonucleotide primer extension (HOPE), is developed for quantitative, multiplexing detection of DNA targets present in PCR-amplified community 16S rRNA genes. It involves strand extension reaction and multiple oligonucleotide primers modified with different lengths of polyA at the 5' end and targeting 16S rRNA genes at different phylogenetic specificities. On ann...

An extended PCR method was established to rapidly identify and classify Bacillus thuringiensis strains containing cry (crystal protein) genes toxic to lepidopteran, coleopteran, and dipteran pests (Ben-Dov et al., Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 63:4883-4890, 1997). To optimize identification of all reported cry genes, this methodology needs a complete PCR set of primers. In the study reported here, ...

BACKGROUND There are many DNA-based systems for detecting animal species present in food and food products, applicable for food quality control and authentication. However, most (if not all) methods require more than one pair of primers and cannot be applied over a wide taxonomic range, e.g. identifying vertebrates and invertebrates with the same primers and protocols. RESULTS A pair of prime...

We report the development of universal primers for the reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) amplification and nucleotide sequence analysis of actin cDNAs from taxonomically diverse mosquito species. Primers specific to conserved regions of the invertebrate actin-1 gene were designed after actin cDNA sequences of Anopheles gambiae, Bombyx mori, Drosophila melanogaster, and Ca...

Ap Applicati tions ons in in Pl Plant t Scien Sciences ces Whole genome sequencing is more available and less expensive than ever before, yet most scientists continue to rely on targeted, comparative sequencing for phylogenetics and phylo-geography. Identifying the most appropriate markers to employ has been challenging. Information for model organisms abounds, and a few studies have specifi ca...