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Using data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, this paper considers the mechanism by which changing house values impact U.S. household spending. The results suggest that house values affect consumption by serving as collateral for households to borrow against to smooth their spending. The results show that the consumption of households who need to borrow against their home equity increases...

This paper is concerned with the Turkish view of First World War as reflected through Mehmet Akif Ersoy’s ‘Çanakkale Şehitleri’ (To Martyrs Dardanelles) in comparison to English war poets and argues that attitude very different from terms patriotism sacrifice for one’s country. The most important feature who wrote during all them, except Rupert Brooke, died malaria, participated personally thei...

although most parts of iran is free of malaria owing to appreciable struggle against this disease by the ministry of public health, in every case of fever of unknown origin (fuo) possibility of malaria should not be neglected. unjustified administration of antibiotics can delay the diagnosis because of diminishing effect in number of malaria parasites in peripheral blood. for this reason freque...