Background: Drugs play a strategic role as a health commodity. Thus, the supply chain management of drugs is an important issue to reducing costs and thereby improving patient health. Objective: This study evaluated the status of drug supply chain management and health reform in the pharmaceutical sector of teaching hospitals in Ahvaz, Iran. <strong...

An extension of Nosofsky and Palmeri’s (Psychol. Rev. 104 (1997a) 266) exemplar-based random-walk (EBRW) model of categorization is presented as a model of the time course of categorization of separable-dimension stimuli. Nosofsky and Palmeri (1997a) assumed that the perceptual encoding of all stimuli was identical. However, in the current model, we assume as in Lamberts (J. Exp. Psychol.: Gene...

In this short note we show that the paths two independent loop-erased random walks in four dimensions intersect infinitely often. We actually prove the stronger result that the cut-points of the two walks intersect infinitely often. Let S(t) be a transient Markov chain with integer time t on a countable state space. Associated to S, is the loop-erased process Ŝ obtained by erasing loops in chro...

We consider finite-state Markov chains driven by a P-stationary ergodic invertible process σ : Ω → Ω, representing a random environment. For a given initial condition ω ∈ Ω, the driven Markov chain evolves according to A(ω)A(σω) · · ·A(σn−1), where A : Ω → Md is a measurable d × d stochastic matrix-valued function. The driven Markov chain possesses P-a.e. a measurable family of probability vect...

Research on unperturbed stance is largely based on a one-segment inverted pendulum model. Recently, an increasing number of studies report a contribution of other major joints to postural control. Therefore this study evaluates whether the conclusions originating from the research based on a one-segment model adequately capture postural sway during unperturbed stance. High-pass filtered kinemat...

We expand our pervious numerical study of the properties of the stellar velocity distribution within the disk of a twoarmed spiral galaxy by considering spiral stellar density waves with different global Fourier amplitudes, C2. We confirm our previous conclusion that the ratio σ1 : σ2 of smallest versus largest principal axes of the stellar velocity ellipsoid becomes abnormally small near the o...

The dimensions of intrinsically disordered and unfolded proteins critically depend on the solution conditions, such as temperature, pH, ionic strength, and osmolyte or denarurant concentration. However, a quantitative understanding of how the complex combination of chain-chain and chain-solvent interactions is affected by the solvent is still missing. Here, we take a step towards this goal by i...

The constructive idea of sustainability has been narrowed to three dimensions, i.e., social, economic and environment. extant researches on have examined the environmental dimensions. social proportion, a prime aspect, some extent overlooked both in method review literature as well. In this study, through in-depth review, researcher made an effort execution socially responsible supply chains co...

Abstract In an earlier paper (Hunter, 2002) it was shown that mean first passage times play an important role in determining bounds on the relative and absolute differences between the stationary probabilities in perturbed finite irreducible discrete time Markov chains. Further when two perturbations of the transition probabilities in a single row are carried out the differences between the sta...

Information systems are a critical factor in achieving supply chain agility in fluctuating markets. However, there has been limited research on identifying specific mechanisms on how information systems may affect supply chain agility. This gap is addressed by illustrating the complementary role of supply chain agility across operational dimensions, such as flexibility, responsiveness and depen...