BACKGROUND In total en bloc spondylectomy (TES) of upper thoracic spine including the second thoracic (T2) vertebra, T2 nerve roots are usually transected. In this study, we examined the association between transection of the T2 nerve roots and upper-extremity motor function in patients with upper thoracic TES. METHODS We assessed 16 patients who underwent upper thoracic TES with bilateral tr...

GANGRENE and eyanosis of an extremity, due to thrombophlebitis with massive venous occlusions, is an uncommon condition and is often confused with primary arterial oeclusive disease. With massive venous occlusion and the associated arterial venospasm the blood flow may be so impeded to an extremity that cyanosis and eventually gangrene may occur. The recognition of this is important, since this...

This case of upper extremity deep vein thrombosis is selected for case report as it is a rare form of deep vein thrombosis without a very well established treatment modality and prognosis. The objective of this study was to report the outcome of a 25 years old male patient with idiopathic upper extremity deep vein thrombosis treated conservatively with low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) and or...

A 27-year-old man presents to the emergency department with a 1-day history of severe right upper extremity pain and swelling. The patient's status is post open reduction internal fixation for a left tibial plateau fracture, which was complicated by methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus osteomyelitis. A peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) line was subsequently placed for intrave...