Tracheal intubation under general anaesthesia causes a rise in heart rate and blood pressure. This can worsen myocardial ischaemia or precipitate infarction in patients with coronary artery disease. We monitored 50 sedated and non-sedated patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy with continuous non-invasive blood pressure monitoring. We subsequently studied 15 patients undergoing en...

We thank Dr Bing Hu for his interest about our publication, and we read with attention his similar cases. It is interesting to note that intramural esophageal dissection (IED) is characterized by transverse and longitudinal separation of the mucosal and submucosal layers of the esophageal wall, with or without perforation, and it is also known as intramural hematoma of the esophagus (IHE). Howe...

OBJECTIVES To determine the changes in oxygen saturation, blood pressure and heart rate during various endoscopic procedures and to find out the risk factors for these changes. METHODS Forty patients without cardiorespiratory disorders were recruited. Oxygen saturation, blood pressure and pulse rate were monitored during endoscopy using pulse oximeter and automated blood pressure monitor. The...

BACKGROUND Standards for good practice in clinical risk management issued by the Clinical Negligence Scheme for Trusts indicate that "appropriate information is provided to patients on the risks and benefits of proposed treatment, and of the alternatives available before a signature on a consent form is sought". AIMS To investigate the practicability and patient acceptability of a postal info...

During the past 20 years, endoscopy has developed as the modality of choice for determining diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy for severe gastrointestinal bleeding. When endoscopy was first introduced to evaluate gastrointestinal bleeding in the late 1970s, early diagnostic endoscopy did not affect patient outcome. [46] Subsequently, improvements in endoscopes and endoscopic accessories allowed ...

aim : the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the number and proportion of various causes of upper gastrointestinal bleeding and actual numbers of non-nsaid, non- helicobacter pylori ( h.pylori ) peptic ulcers seen in endoscopy of these patients. background : the number and the proportion of patients with non- h.pylori , non-nsaids peptic ulcer disease leading to upper gastrointestinal...

Emergency endoscopy was done in 306 patients with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Most of the patients were in the age group 20—39 years. Male to female ratio was 2.3:1. The main causes of bleeding were peptic ulcer (40.1 8%), oesophageal varices (32.4%) and superficial mucosal lesions (13.9%). Causes of bleeding remained obscure in 7.2% cases; dual lesions were seen in 2.94%. Complete f...

The double pylorus is an uncommon finding and maybe congenital due to gastrointestinal duplication abnormality or more commonly secondary to peptic ulcer disease. The case we present is an elderly patient with mild dyspeptic symptoms who had an upper endoscopy as part of her investigative workup. The congenital double pylorus, being asymptomatic, may often go undetected. It is sometimes found i...