Large cohort studies in the U.S. and in Europe suggest that air pollution may increase lung cancer risk. Biomarkers can be useful to understand the mechanisms and to characterize high-risk groups. Here we describe biomarkers of exposure, in particular DNA adducts as well as markers of early damage, including mutagenicity, other endpoints of genotoxicity and molecular biomarkers of cancer. Sever...

introduction discussion of sustainability and sustainable development, regardless of towns and cities would be meaningless cities as the main factor causing instability in the world are, in fact, the concept of urban sustainability and global are stability. environmental crises and urban issues such as air pollution, water, soil and water resources and agricultural land use renewable, global wa...

Daily and seasonal fluctuations in mortality have been positively and significantly associated with ambient concentrations of atmospheric pollution and meteorological variables such as temperature and barometric pressure. However, much less is known about the health risk from atmospheric pollutants in the context of frequently occurring weather patterns. The objective of this study is to assess...

THE incidence of bronchitis is uncommonly high in Britain, especially in urban areas during winter; and it has been conjectured that air pollution is at least partly responsible. In this paper I report a correlation between bronchitis mortality and the acidity of urban precipitation. The mortality-rates for bronchitis were calculated from the Registrar General’s annual statistical reviews for t...

Human exposure to outdoor air pollution is believed to cause severe health effects, especially in urban areas where pollution levels often are high, because of the poor dispersion conditions and high density of pollution sources. Many factors influence human health, and a good assessment of human air pollution exposure is, therefore, crucial for a proper determination of possible links between ...

BACKGROUND There is relatively little evidence of health effects of long-term exposure to traffic-related pollution in susceptible populations. We investigated whether long-term exposure to traffic air and noise pollution was associated with all-cause mortality or hospital readmission for myocardial infarction (MI) among survivors of hospital admission for MI. METHODS Patients from the Myocar...

Early concerns regarding the health-related effects of air pollution originated from severe episodes in Meuse Valley, Belgium, in 1930; Donora, Pennsylvania, in 1948; and London, in 1952. Although the overall effects of these episodes continue to be debated, well-documented, episode-related increases in morbidity and mortality from cardiopulmonary causes provided dramatic evidence that extremel...

To evaluate the levels of indoor air pollution in rural areas of China and their effects on respiratory health, we monitored the indoor (bedroom and kitchen) and outdoor levels of PM10, SO2 and CO in 189 randomly selected households of rural areas, Anhui province, China. We also conducted an investigation of 487 subjects between the ages of 15 – 65 years old with a questionnaire. The PM10 level...

Urban and peri-urban growth is increasing world-wide and Europe is now one of the most urbanized continents in the world. Oslo is one of the fastest growing cities in Europe. This creates pressure on its infrastructure, including traffic and environmental urban quality. Additionally, vehicular traffic is a major contributor to CO2 emissions, which impacts climate change. It is recognized that a...

Air pollution originating from road traffic is a known risk factor of respiratory and cardiovascular disease (both in terms of chronic and acute effects). While adverse effects on cardiovascular health have also been linked with noise (after controlling for air pollution), noise exposure has been commonly linked to sleep impairment and negative emotional reactions. Health is multi-faceted, both...