abstract   earthquakes have been affected the human life since the dawn of time; however, the complexities of human societies and communications in the cities, intensify the deleterious effects of the earthquakes, that affect urban areas. hence, in emergency phase and reconstruction, attention to the basic needs and shelter provision are the most important activities but urban design also play ...

The phenomenon of planning involving citizen’s participation in literature has been from the second half 20th century. Indeed, different methods and techniques have used process. However, participatory practices are time-consuming negotiations tiresome. Accordingly, integration developing digital technologies into processes seen as a potential to reach large audiences provide time-space indepen...

The influence of urban design on economic vitality has been analyzed by a number of researchers and is also a key focus of many planning/design theories. However, most quantitative studies are based on just one city or a small set of cities, rather than a large number of cities that are representative of an entire country. With the increasing availability of new data, we aim to alleviate this g...