Urban centers in Latin American often face high levels of air pollution as a result of economic and industrial growth. Decisions with regard to industry, transportation, and development will affect air pollution and health both in the short term and in the far future through climate change. We investigated the pollution health consequences of modest changes in fossil fuel use for three case stu...

There are an estimated 234,000 cases of measles and 13,851 measles-related deaths per year in Mali. In 1998 and 1999, 548,309 children aged 9-59 months were vaccinated against measles during mass campaigns in urban centers across Mali. After the first campaign, measles incidence decreased by 95% in districts encompassing vaccinated urban centers and by 41% in nonvaccinated districts. There was ...

A major public health question is whether urbanization will transform malaria from a rural to an urban disease. However, differences about definitions of urban settings, urban malaria, and whether malaria control should differ between rural and urban areas complicate both the analysis of available data and the development of intervention strategies. This report examines the approach of the Inte...

Focus is on the impact of urban resettlement and migration of the economic and employment structures of regional urban centers in northeast Thailand, and their capacity to take on a wider role as focal points for regional development. The premise is that projected increased population movements to regional urban centers will accelerate the incipient process of urban involution and will work to...

over the past two decades, shanghai, the largest megacity in china, has been coping with unprecedented growth of its economy and population while overcoming previous underinvestment in the health system by the central and local governments. we study the evolution of shanghai’s healthcare system by analyzing “avoidable mortality” (am) – deaths amenable to public health and healthcare interventio...

ing a robust primary care system is more than a bureaucratic exercise; in Brazil, it has required long-term social movements and professional commitments. The future of Brazil’s FHS, its sustained expansion to the remaining urban centers and the middle classes, and its effective integration into secondary and tertiary care will require continued engagement by health care providers and the publi...