In ancient times, the city was a closed space, main function of which to protect inhabitants. Cities in early stages were isolated and autonomous, including economically. Regardless location, layout included central square market - trade economic center city, where goods exchanged. The remained space until advent roads transport capable connecting settlements with each other, regardless weather...

Urbanization has become a dominant driver of landscape transformation across the world, with cities representing centers economic and socio-cultural development [...]

Against the background of economic transformation and urban renewal, the protection and sustainable development of urban industrial landscapes has become an important practical issue, and how to maintain the unique local culture of these landscapes is key to solving the problem. By integrating the concept of “layer” and regarding the landscape as text, this paper will investigate the representa...

Urbanisation currently threatens over one-third of the world’s known amphibian species. The main threats of urbanisation to amphibian populations are habitat loss, habitat fragmentation and isolation, and degradation of habitat quality. A complex array of interacting biotic and abiotic factors impact amphibians in urban and urbanising landscapes. These can lead to a decrease in species richness...

The role of scenic landscapes in restoring human mental fatigue has begun to receive attention from landscape researchers. However, little is known about the positive role of visually-preferred landscapes on restorative environments and in improving the mental fatigue of people. This study attempted to determine the relationship between the predictors of preference and restorative components of...