Mamaku gum is a polysaccharide extracted from the fronds of the black tree fern found in New Zealand. The cooked pith has traditionally been used for various medicinal purposes and as a food source by the Maori people of New Zealand. It has potential applications as a thickener in the food industry and as a palliative for patients with dysphagia. Studies on the shear rheology of Mamaku gum have...

Increasing applications of ionic liquids and their analogues, namely Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs), requires further investigation into the effect of moisture content on the physico-chemical characteristics of these fluids. Although it is common practice to synthesize these fluids in a moisture-controlled environment, as moisture is generally considered to have an impact on their properties, th...

Oral lactose-ureide is resistant to human digestive enzymes, but is fermented by the colonic microflora. Nine normal adults consuming a diet which provided 36 g of protein/day were given oral doses of lactose-[(13)C]ureide and lactose-[(15)N,(15)N]ureide. The appearance on breath of (13)CO(2) derived from lactose-[(13)C]ureide was followed for 48 h. The fate of (15)N derived from lactose-[(15)N...

The asymmetric Pictet–Spengler reaction (PSR) with aldehydes is well known. However, PSR involving ketones as electrophilic partners far-less developed. We report herein the first examples of catalytic enantioselective tryptamines α-ketoamides. A new class easily accessible prolyl-urea organocatalysts bearing a single H-bond donor function catalyzes title to afford 1,1-disubstituted tetrahydro-...

Gelsolin modulates the actin cytoskeleton in the cytoplasm and clears the circulation of stray filaments. In vitro, gelsolin cleaves, nucleates and caps actin filaments, activities that are calcium-dependent. Both cellular and secreted forms share a sequence of 730 residues comprising six homologous modules termed G1-G6. A disulphide bond is formed in secreted G2, whereas in the cytoplasm it re...

Recent work on understanding why protons migrate with increasing temperature in short, strong hydrogen bonds is extended here to three more organic, crystalline systems. Inelastic neutron scattering and density functional theory based simulations are used to investigate structure, vibrations, and dynamics of these systems as functions of temperature. The mechanism determined in a previous work ...

Electrocatalytic synthesis of urea from carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxides (NOx) provides promising approaches to alleviate the greenhouse effect. However, this approach still lacks efficient electrocatalysts, which is a key challenge. Here we design group electrocatalysts that are triple-single-atom supported on C9N4 monolayer for production. Our extensive density functional theory calcul...

Currently, there are still many limitations in the research of conductive metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) field electrocatalysis. On one hand, most MOFs have a solid construction, seriously hindering their mass transfer process. other innate bonding is not conducive to optimization electronic structures and excitation intrinsic active sites. Therefore, external/internal dual-control urgently ne...

(a) by competing for hydrogen bonding sites in the tissue or on the dye particle, it may inhibit staining in which the dye-substrate link is a hydrogen bond; (6) because it is a dipole, urea may have some affinity for charged sites in the tissue, and thus tend to reduce electrostatic staining; (c) urea may in some cases decrease staining by increasing the solubility of the dye; (d) by inhibitin...