We quantified urinary levels of two metabolites of the tobacco-specific lung carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) in people who had stopped smoking: 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) and its O-glucuronide, 4-[(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)but-1-yl]-beta-O-D-glucosiduronic acid (NNAL-Gluc). Twenty-seven people completed the study. Thirteen used th...

various substances in cigarette smoke including nicotine have been shown to promote/induce cancer cell proliferation. since cotinine has a longer half life and stability in the blood, it has become the preferred biomarker for cigarette smoking exposure. seventy-three gastric cancer patients were included in this study. the tumor tissues were stained with h and e for pathological evaluation. the...

INTRODUCTION The level of cotinine in biological specimens, such as serum, urine, and saliva, measured by gas or liquid chromatography is the most validated and reliable indicator of exposure to tobacco smoke. However, chromatographic methods are not always suitable for all types of situations. METHODS We validated a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that uses a...

BACKGROUND Passive smoking is associated with early arterial damage in adults, but its effect on endothelial function in children is unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS Serum cotinine concentration was measured annually in children between 8 and 11 years of age who had participated since infancy in a randomized, prospective atherosclerosis prevention trial (Special Turku Coronary Risk Factor Interve...

This study analyzes the clot stabilization on root surfaces of teeth impregnated with cotinine and nicotine and the influence of the scaling in the adhesion of blood components, observing the influence of new exposition to nicotine and/or cotinine after scaling. Fifteen human teeth extracted due to periodontal disease of non-smokers patients were selected and manually scaled. Four dentin blocks...

We previously reported that the metabolism of cotinine, the proximate metabolite of nicotine, is significantly slower in black than in white cigarette smokers. To understand why the metabolism of nicotine and cotinine might differ between blacks and whites, we studied the pattern of nicotine metabolism in blacks and whites. One hundred eight healthy smokers (51 blacks and 57 whites), of similar...

Major chronic diseases in Australia 1 Chronic disease risk factors 2 2.1 Cardiovascular disease 3 2.1.1 Total cholesterol....................................................................................................3 2.1.2 Triglycerides..........................................................................................................3 2.1.3 High density lipoprotein (HDL)..............