William Empson’s poem ‘Letter I’ (1928–35) appears to anticipate the black hole, using the idea of a dying star from which no light escapes as a metaphor for unrequited passion. Closer inspection of the Cambridge undergraduate context in which the poem was written, along with the other source materials incorporated besides Arthur Eddington in the poem, reveals the motivation behind Empson’s pla...

Background: Based on Chicago Classification version 3.0, the disorders of esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction (EGJOO) include achalasia (types I, II and III) and EGJOO. Although no curative treatments are currently available for the treatment of the disorders of EGJOO, medical treatments, endoscopic pneumatic dilation (PD), laparoscopic Heller myotomy (LHM), and per-oral endoscopic myo...

Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) appears to be a successful technique for the treatment of achalasia [1]. Only a few cases of delayed bleeding have been described [2]. Here, we report a case of esophageal hematoma that developed 1 day after a patient on acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) therapy underwent POEM. A 59-year-old woman with type II achalasia was referred for a POEM procedure. She had a pas...

The paper proposes a novel solution to the problem of exceptional scope (ES) of (in)definites, exemplified by the widest and intermediate scope readings of the sentence Every student of mine read every poem that a famous Romanian poet wrote. We propose that the ES readings have two sources: (i) discourse anaphora to particular sets of entities and quantificational dependencies between these ent...

banugoshasb-nameh is a national epic poem written in imitation of ferdowsi's shahnameh about banugoshasb's life and courage, daughter of rostam. the poem, the only epic in persian literature is the central story of a heroic woman. most researchers, who have studied this poem, have focused on the presence of banugushasb in the context of epic and her heroism. they sometimes related her...