Smooth muscle is generally grouped into two classes of differing contractile properties. Tonic smooth muscles show slow rates of force activation and relaxation and slow speeds of shortening (V(max)) but force maintenance, whereas phasic smooth muscles show poor force maintenance but have fast V(max) and rapid rates of force activation and relaxation. We characterized the development of gizzard...

3-Methylindole (3 MI) is a selective pulmonary toxicant, and cytochrome P450 (P450) bioactivation of 3 MI, through hydroxylation, epoxidation, or dehydrogenation pathways, is a prerequisite for toxicity. CYP2F1 and CYP2F3 exclusively catalyze the dehydrogenation of 3 MI to 3-methyleneindolenine, without detectable formation of the hydroxylation or epoxidation products. It was not known whether ...

Mathematical models of the inter-relationship of muscle force, velocity, and activation are useful in forward dynamic simulations of human movement tasks. The objective of this work was to determine whether the parameters (maximum shortening velocity V(max) and shape parameter k) of a Hill-type muscle model, interrelating muscle force, velocity, and activation, are themselves dependent on the a...

This paper deals with the problem of constructing directed trees of optimal weight and root r with depth at most f(|V |) (called f − depthDSTPr). We first prove that the maximization and the minimization versions are equal-approximable under the differential ratio, that measures how the value of an approximate solution is placed in the interval between the worst and the best solutions values of...

A sensitive and accurate high-performance liquid-chromatography method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of pyrazinamide (PZA), isoniazid (INH), rifampicin (RFP) and acetylisoniazid (AcINH) in human plasma. Separation was performed on a Max-RP C(12) column using gradient elution and a flow-rate program. The mobile phase was methanol-acetonitrile-buffer (20 mM of hep...

We exhibit a set system S 0 such that any set system containing it has linear discrepancy at least 2. Let V be a nite set and S 2 V a system of subsets of V. The incidence matrix A of (V; S) has rows indexed by the sets of S and the columns indexed by the points of V. The column corresponding to a point v 2 V is denoted by a v. A coloring of V is a mapping : V ! f?1; +1g. The discrepancy of S, ...

We present randomized approximation algorithms for multicriteria traveling salesman problems (TSP), where some objective functions should be minimized while others should be maximized. For the symmetric multi-criteria TSP (STSP), we present an algorithm that computes (2/3−ε, 4+ε) approximate Pareto curves. Here, the first parameter is the approximation ratio for the objectives that should be ma...

The aim of this study was to compare the mechanical and electromyographic (EMG) characteristics of soleus motor units activated during maximal H reflex and direct M response among subjects with different histories of physical activity. Power-trained athletes produced stronger twitches, with a higher rate of twitch tension buildup and relaxation, than their endurance counterparts for both maxima...

We examined the respective associations between aerobic fitness ([Formula: see text]max), metabolic control ([Formula: see text] kinetics) and locomotor function, and various physiological responses to high-intensity intermittent (HIT) running exercise in team sport players. Eleven players (30.5 ± 3.6 year) performed a series of tests to determine their [Formula: see text]max and the associated...

A linear-system-theoretic view of discrete-event processes and its use for performance evaluation in manufacturing. 20 2. G t is a dominating subgraph of G c as there are no edges between nodes v i 2 V ? t and v j 2 (V + nV + t), G t has a min-max potential and G c has a min potential. G t is a maximal dominating subgraph of G c. To proof this, let us suppose that a subgraph G q of G c nG t cou...