BACKGROUND Vitamin D plays a critical role in the regulation of growth and differentiation of squamous epithelium. The pleiotropic effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3], include proliferative, pro-apoptotic, and pro-differentiation effects on numerous cell types. Although 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 is involved in the regulation and differentiation of epithelium, there is no data in th...

Vaginal dryness is a common condition that is particularly prevalent during and after the menopause, and is one of the symptoms of vulvovaginal atrophy/genitourinary syndrome of menopause. The impact of vaginal dryness on interpersonal relationships, quality of life, daily activities, and sexual function can be significant, but is frequently underestimated. Furthermore, barriers exist to treatm...

objective: to compare the efficacy of emla cream and lidocaine injection to reduce pain during episiotomy repair. materials and methods: a total of 46 primiparous women with normal pregnancy who referred for normal vaginal delivery and needed episiotomy repair were selected and randomly divided into two groups. for emla group, one hour before the estimated time of delivery, 5g of emla cream was...

OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy of EMLA cream and lidocaine injection to reduce pain during episiotomy repair. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 46 primiparous women with normal pregnancy who referred for normal vaginal delivery and needed episiotomy repair were selected and randomly divided into two groups. For EMLA group, one hour before the estimated time of delivery, 5g of EMLA cream was...

Vasomotor symptoms (VMS) are among the most bothersome complaints of postmenopausal women. To date, the most widely studied and effective treatment for VMS is hormone replacement therapy, consisting of estrogen (in women without a uterus) or estrogen plus progestin (in women with a uterus). Traditionally, oral estrogens have been used for treatment. However, over the years, additional estrogen ...

OBJECTIVE At the present the clinical treatment of choice of bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the use of systemic or local metronidazole or clindamycin. Aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of a single dose of gynaecologic solution, Polyhexamethylene Biguanide (PHMB), Monogin, in the treatment of BV in comparison to a 7-days treatment with clindamycin vaginal cream. STUDY...

Tamilnadu is known for domestication of farm animals and home of many recognized sheep breeds, among them, Ramnad white is one of the breed of hardy and best suitable for the migratory system of rearing which were declining due to cross breeding. To retain the indigenous breed, many assisted reproduction technologies were used, but most of them are failed due to the detection of accurate estrus...

Breast cancer survivors (BCSs) often suffer from menopausal symptoms induced by systemic treatments, with a consequent negative effect on quality of life. Since the introduction of aromatase inhibitors as the standard therapy for hormone-dependent tumors, genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) has become a main problem for BCSs. This new terminology refers to the wide range of vaginal and ur...

The objective of the study was to understand how estrogen modulates the rigidity of the cytoskeleton in epithelial cells. Estrogen depletion decreased, and treatment with 17beta-estradiol increased deformability of cervical-vaginal epithelial cells. Estrogen also induced redistribution of nonmuscle myosin II-B (NMM-II-B); lesser interaction of NMM-II-B with actin; increased phosphorylation of N...