the growth rate and uniformity of carbon nano tubes (cnts) based on chemical vapor deposition (cvd) technique is investigated by using a numerical model. in this reactor, inlet gas mixture, including xylene as carbon source and mixture of argon and hydrogen as  carrier gas enters into a horizontal cvd reactor at atmospheric pressure. based on the gas phase and surface reactions, released carbon...

[1] Land surface temperature (LST) is involved in many land surface processes such as evapotranspiration, net radiation, or air temperature modeling. In this paper we present an improved methodology to retrieve LST from Landsat 4 TM, Landsat 5 TM, and Landsat 7 ETM+ using four atmospheric databases covering different water vapor ranges (from 0 to 8 g cm ) to build the LST retrieval models and u...

Experimental results are summarized on investigations of positive temperature jumps at water–vapor interfaces during steady-state evaporation under low-pressure. Steady-state evaporation of water experiments were carried out to measure the interfacial properties and to obtain the evaporation rate. The interfacial vapor temperature close to the interface was always found to be higher than the in...

Water vapor plays a key role in the global hydrologic cycle and in climatic change. However, the distribution and variability of water vapor in the troposphere are not understood well—in particular, in China with the complex Tibetan Plateau and the influence of the Asian and Pacific monsoons. In this paper, continuous global positioning system (GPS) observations for 2004–07 in China are used to...

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are synthesized with the assistance of water vapor in a horizontal reactor using methane over Co-Mo/MgO catalyst through chemical vapor deposition method. The application of Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) technique for modeling the effect of important parameters (i.e. temperature, reaction time and amount of H2O vapor) on the qualit...

 In the present paper, partial cavitation over various head-forms was studied numerically to predict the shape of the cavity. Navier-Stokes equations in addition to an advection equation for vapor volume fraction were solved. Mass transfer between the phases was modeled by a sink term in vapor equation in the numerical analysis for different geometries in wide range of cavitation numbers. The r...

1. Global Energy Problems and the Role of Renewables 1.1. Energy demand 1.2. Energy, environmental problems and sustainable development 1.3. Water demand and consumption 1.4. Water and energy 1.5. Desalination and energy 1.6. Renewable energy technologies 2. Solar Collectors 2.1. Parabolic trough collectors 2.2. Fresnel collectors 2.3. Parabolic dish reflector 2.4. Heliostat field collector 3. ...

High-density sensor arrays were prepared with microbead vapor sensors to explore and compare the information coded in sensor response profiles following odor stimulus. The coded information in the sensor-odor response profiles, which is used for odor discrimination purposes, was extracted from the microsensor arrays via two different approaches. In the first approach, the responses from individ...

We report on the experimental demonstration of light dragging effect due to atomic motion in a rubidium vapor cell. We found that the minimum group velocity is achieved for light red-shifted from the center of the atomic resonance, and that the value of this shift increases with decreasing group velocity, in agreement with the theoretical predictions by Kocharovskaya, Rostovtsev, and Scully [Ph...

To fulfill the consumption demand of low-cost fuel ethanol, an advanced process for feedstock fermentation and bioethanol extraction was required. This study proposed a combined continuous solid-state distillation vapor permeation to extract ethanol from fermented sweet sorghum bagasse on basis technology. Ethanol undergoes only one phase transition separation in whole process, which drasticall...