The phenomenon of Batesian mimicry, where a palatable animal gains protection against predation by resembling an unpalatable model, has been a core interest of evolutionary biologists for 150 years. An extensive range of studies has focused on revealing mechanistic aspects of mimicry (shared education and generalization of predators) and the evolutionary dynamics of mimicry systems (co-operatio...

There is no epidemiological study that exists in the UK for non-venomous snakebites. People most likely to be bitten by snakes live in rural areas in Africa, Asia and Latin America, and work mostly in agriculture. It is however a very unusual injury in Europe. We present the case of a patient who sustained a bite from a non-venomous snake, identified as a Boa constrictor, on her right hand with...

Venomous creatures have a sophisticated mechanism for prey capture which includes a vast array of biologically-active compounds, such as enzymes, proteins, peptides and small molecular weight compounds. These substances target an immense number of receptors and membrane proteins with high affinity, selectivity and potency, and can serve as potential drugs or scaffolds for drug design. Oren Bogi...

For the first time, we previously recorded an enormous population of the Cassiopea andromeda jellyfish that had increased dramatically from Bushehr coasts of Iran. The sub-acute toxicity of the jellyfish venom in rat organs was correspondingly carried out. The data presented in this paper relate to the in vivo and in vitro hematological effects of this venomous species of jellyfish venom.

22 Traditional explanations for the evolution of high orbital convergence and stereoscopic vision in 23 primates have focused on how stereopsis might have aided early primates in foraging or 24 locomoting in an arboreal environment. It has recently been suggested that predation risk by 25 constricting snakes was the selective force which favored the evolution of orbital convergence in 26 early ...

background: the global status report of the world health organization (who) on road safety suggested that india is leading in road traffi c accidents in the world. according to the report on road accidents in india in 2010 by the transport research wing, ministry of road transport and highways, new delhi, kerala ranked third in accidents per lakh population and second in persons injured per lak...