Organic manure contributes carbonaceous matter to soil, which when decomposed, offers mineral nutrients plants, also acts as a base exchange material, and helps improve the physical, chemical, biological aspects of soil. This study was conducted assess amount total nitrogen, available phosphorous, potassium, pH, under various organic sources. Collected samples were tested for phosphorus, soil m...

Unsolicited commercial emails (UCE, spam) are currently being fought using reactive methods, filtering being the most common. Reacting means to be always one step behind. So the focus on fighting spam should be on prevention. Current proposals focus on fixing SMTP's lack of authentication, but introduce two major problems: First of all current attempts break existing functionality and, second, ...

Eps15, a phosphorylation substrate of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor kinase, has been shown to bind to the alpha-subunit of the clathrin-associated protein complex AP-2. Here we report that in cells, virtually all Eps15 interacts with the cytosol and membrane-bound forms of AP-2. This association is not affected by the treatment of cells with EGF. Immunofluorescence microscopy revea...

High-temperature pressure pipelines are extensively used in petrochemical plant and power stations. Severe pits or wall loss defects can be internally produced after a certain period of time due to media corrosion and cavitation erosion. These defects finally lead to leakage of the pipes. In order to search for a good non-destructive method for these defects, a large pipe testing installation w...

Using the direct conjugate of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and horseradish peroxidase, we have followed the entry of EGF into KB (human carcinoma) cells. EGF initially was found bound diffusely to the entire cell surface at 4 degrees C; on warming to 37 degrees C, EGF was found clustered in clathrin-coated pits on the plasma membrane in 1 min or less. Within 1-2 min at 37 degrees C, EGF began ...

The use of CR-39, a solid state nuclear track detector, to detect the emission of energetic charged particles during Pd/D co-deposition is demonstrated. The pits observed in the CR-39 are attributed to the Pd/D cathode and are not due to radionuclide contamination in the cell components; nor to the impingement of D2 bubbles on the surface of the CR-39; nor to chemical attack by D2, O2, or Cl2. ...

Biochemical and morphological techniques were used to demonstrate the early steps in the endocytosis of transferrin in broken A431 cells. After binding 125I-transferrin, the cells were broken by scraping and then warmed. 125I-transferrin became inaccessible to exogenous anti-transferrin antibody providing a measure of the internalization process. Parallel morphological experiments using transfe...

The PI3-kinase (PI3K) pathway regulates many cellular processes, especially cell metabolism, cell survival, and apoptosis. Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3), the product of PI3K activity and a key signaling molecule, acts by recruiting pleckstrin-homology (PH) domain-containing proteins to cell membranes. Here, we describe a new structural class of nonphosphoinositide small molecu...

We present an investigation of line defects in epitaxially grown silicon layers using Secco defect etching and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). 1 m thick layers were deposited onto Si (100) wafers at a substrate temperature of 560 C using electron cyclotron resonance chemical vapour deposition (ECRCVD). Defect etching reveals a variety of etch pits related to extended defects. A detailed...