Rapeseed has formed three ecological types, namely winter, semi-winter, and spring during the long domestication process. Different ecotypes have different low-temperature requirements for floral initiation. growth a large demand nitrogen, amount of nitrogen application significantly impacts number flowering. Meanwhile, time imitation determined quantity bud, final pods, yield rapeseed. Therefo...

Flowering time is under the control of multiple environmental cues such as photoperiod and exposure to cold temperatures (vernalization). A few regulators named integrators of flowering time signals (LEAFY, SOC1 /AGL20 and FT ) integrate inputs from the different flowering cascades and convey the resulting outcome to floral meristem identity genes at the shoot apex. Here we review the current k...

In this paper we report on changes in DNA methylation pattern in rape apices and leaves during transition from vegetative to reproductive stage due to grafting and/or vernalization. Grafted plants of winter rape (Brassica napus L., var. "Górczański") (stock from vernalized, scion from non-vernalized plants) were used together with vernalized non-grafted plants. In addition, methylation status w...

There is little information in the literature regarding North American varieties of spring wheat which are responsive to vernalization treatment. The same variety has been reported by different investigators to react positively or negatively to treatmenit. For example, VAN HOEK (3) obtained acceleration of maturity when springof wheat was vernalized, but treatmelnt of the same variety by GMELIN...

We have tested the hypothesis that the promotion of flowering by prolonged exposure to low temperatures (vernalization) is mediated by DNA demethylation [Burn, J. E., Bagnall, D. J., Metzger, J. M., Dennis, E. S. & Peacock, W. J. (1993) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90, 287-291]. Arabidopsis plants that have reduced levels of DNA methylation because of the presence of a methyltransferase (METI) an...

Transition to flowering in plants is tightly controlled by environmental cues, which regulate the photoperiod and vernalization pathways, and endogenous signals, which mediate the autonomous and gibberellin pathways. In this work, we investigated the role of two Zn(2+)-finger transcription factors, the paralogues AtVOZ1 and AtVOZ2, in Arabidopsis thaliana flowering. Single atvoz1-1 and atvoz2-1...

Variation in flowering time and response to overwintering has been exploited to breed brassica vegetables that can be harvested year-round. Our knowledge of flowering time control now enables the investigation of the molecular basis of this important variation. Here, we show that a major determinant of heading date variation in Brassica oleracea is from variation in vernalization response throu...

Posttranslational modifications of histone tails are an important factor regulating chromatin structure and gene expression. Epigenetic memory systems have been predicted to involve mutually exclusive histone modifications that, through positive feedback mechanisms, generate bistable states. How the states are interconverted is not understood, and whether the histone modifications are sufficien...