Land aridity has been projected to increase with global warming. Such projections are mostly based on off-line aridity and drought metrics applied to climate model outputs but also are supported by climate-model projections of decreased surface soil moisture. Here we comprehensively analyze soil moisture projections from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5, including surface, tota...

We revisit the scattering of surface plasmons by shallow surface defects for both protrusions and indentations of various lengths, which are deemed infinite in one dimension parallel to the surface. Subwavelength protrusions and indentations of equal shape present different scattering coefficients when their height and width are comparable. In this case, a protrusion scatters plasmons like a ve...

It is important for interpretation of the seismic responses of a sedimentary basin to distinguish S and surface waves on strong-motion seismograms. A vertical array analysis method that decomposes S and surface waves from a set of surface and borehole seismic records (horizontal components) is proposed. Each of horizontal components of the array records assumed to consist of S wave and only one...

AIM The aims of this study were firstly to compare the area of canal occupied by gutta-percha, sealer or voids using the System B heating device with that obtained by a modified vertical condensation technique using the Touch 'n Heat: and secondly to compare the temperature changes at the root canal wall and external root surface during obturation with the above techniques. METHODOLOGY Forty-...

snake robots are hyper-redundant robots that are connected with one or two dof joints. they offer a number of potential advantages beyond the capabilities of most wheeled and legged robots. in this paper, kinematics and dynamics of a planar multi-link snake robot in worm-like locomotion on an inclined surface is investigated. in this locomotion, snake robot is able to move in the vertical plane...

Orthogonal polarizations within vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers ~VCSEL! lase at slightly different wavelengths. We describe the use of optical feedback to confine polarization variations to reproducible injection currents. An external cavity is used to select specific wavelengths that reflect back into the VCSEL, hence, changing the cavity Q for the different polarization states. With t...

Special features of surface gravity waves in deep fluid flow with constant vertical shear of velocity is studied. It is found that the mean flow velocity shear leads to non-trivial modification of surface gravity wave modes dispersive characteristics. Moreover, the shear induces generation of surface gravity waves by internal vortex mode perturbations. The performed analytical and numerical stu...

We report explicit analytical and numerical results for the polarization resolved intensity noise of verticalcavity surface-emitting lasers operating in the fundamental transverse mode. We describe the fluctuations of the linear and circular polarization components of linearly polarized states on both sides of a nonthermal polarization switching. Our description is valid for small and large bir...

We report the onset of wave chaos in a real-world vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser. In a joint experimental and modeling approach we demonstrate that a small deformation in one layer of the complicated laser structure changes the emission properties qualitatively. Based on the analysis of the spatial emission profiles and spectral eigenvalue spacing distributions, we attribute these chang...

The drainage of a thin liquid film with an insoluble monolayer down a vertical wall is studied. Lubrication theory is used to develop a model where the film is pinned at the top with a given thickness and the film drains into a bath at the bottom. A nonlinear equation of state is used for the surface tension and the surface viscosity is a nonlinear function of the surfactant concentration; thes...