Most second-order vestibular neurons receive a canal-specific monosynaptic excitation, although the central projections of semicircular canal afferents overlap extensively. This remarkable canal specificity prompted us to study the spatial organization of evoked field potentials following selective stimulation of individual canal nerves. Electrically evoked responses in the vestibular nuclei we...

We review the existence of vestibulosympathetic reflexes in humans. While several methods to activate the human vestibular apparatus have been used, galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) is a means of selectively modulating vestibular afferent activity via electrodes over the mastoid processes, causing robust vestibular illusions of side-to-side movement. Sinusoidal GVS (sGVS) causes partial en...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) on recovery from gaze palsy. Twenty patients with gaze palsy, (14 males and 6 females) their age ranged from 20–63 years with mean age 47.9±12.5 years. Duration of gaze palsy ranged from 4–24 months with mean of 10.6±5.23. Twelve patients were post stroke and eight patients with definite multiple scler...

In addition to the deficits in the vestibulo-ocular and vestibulo-spinal reflexes that occur following vestibular dysfunction, there is substantial evidence that vestibular loss also causes cognitive disorders, some of which may be due to the reflexive deficits and some of which are related to the role that ascending vestibular pathways to the limbic system and neocortex play in spatial orienta...