The avidity of antibodies to specific antigens and the relationship of avidity to memory B cell responses to these antigens have not been studied in patients with cholera or those receiving oral cholera vaccines. We measured the avidity of antibodies to cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) and Vibrio cholerae O1 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in Bangladeshi adult cholera patients (n = 30), as well as vaccin...

Vibrio cholerae is both an inhabitant of estuarine environments and the etiologic agent of the diarrheal disease cholera. Previous work has demonstrated that V. cholerae forms both an exopolysaccharide-dependent biofilm and a Ca2+-dependent biofilm. In this work, we demonstrate a role for the O-antigen polysaccharide of V. cholerae in Ca2+-dependent biofilm development in model and true sea wat...

Cholera, caused by Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139, has high incidences in regions with neglected populations, especially terms of sanitation. V. can be transported ship ballast water which makes it a D2 standard evaluation bioindicator for the International Convention Control Management Ship´s Ballast Water Sediments. The objective this is to identify presence organism port area City Rio de Janeir...

Burnet and Stone (1947) described a mucinsplitting enzyme in cultures of Vibrio comma which causes desquamation of the intestinal mucosa of guinea pigs and have suggested a role for this mucinase in the pathogenesis of Asiatic cholera. While possession of this enzyme may be an important factor in determining the virulence of cholera strains, it is by no means the only attribute, since avirulent...

Phage typing is an important tool to discriminate the strains of Vibrio cholerae from epidemiological point of view. National Institute of Cholera & Enteric Diseases is engaged in research on cholera phages since decades in India. Bacteriophages have long been used for classification and discrimination of bacterial strains. Cholera, an endemic disease in Indian subcontinent with mild to lethal ...

Cholera is a diarrhoeal disease caused by Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139, transmitted through the faeco-oral route. The disease occurs in outbreaks but can establish itself permanently. The full impact of the disease is difficult to assess. The currently preferred measure of disease burden, disability-adjusted life years, fails to capture the enormous impact of a cholera outbreak, which spares no ...

Botulinum neurotoxins, predominantly serotypes C and D, cause equine botulism through forage poisoning. The C-terminal part of the heavy chain of botulinum neurotoxin types C and D (HcBoNT/C and D) was expressed in Escherichia coli and evaluated as a recombinant mono- and bivalent vaccine in twelve horses in comparison to a commercially available toxoid vaccine. A three-dose subcutaneous immuni...

BACKGROUND There is not much information on the differences in clinical, epidemiological and spatial characteristics of diarrhea due to V. cholerae and V. parahaemolyticus from non-coastal areas. We investigated the differences in clinical, epidemiological and spatial characteristics of the two Vibrio species in the urban slums of Kolkata, India. METHODS The data of a cluster randomized chole...

Cholera remains a serious health problem, especially in developing countries where basic hygiene standards are not met. The symptoms of cholera are caused by cholera toxin, an enterotoxin, which is produced by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. We have recently shown that human probiotic bacteria are capable of removing cyanobacterial toxins from aqueous solutions. In the present study we investiga...

Cholera is generally regarded as the prototypical waterborne and environmental disease. In Africa, available studies are scarce, and the relevance of this disease paradigm is questionable. Cholera outbreaks have been repeatedly reported far from the coasts: from 2009 through 2011, three-quarters of all cholera cases in Africa occurred in inland regions. Such outbreaks are either influenced by r...