Newcastle Disease (ND) is an infectious viral disease in poultry caused by the virus (NDV). The NDV that causes ND cases Indonesia genotype VII with various sub-genotypes. This study was conducted to compare vivo pathogenicity of sub-genotypes VIIg, VIIh, and VIIi specific pathogen free (SPF) chickens. isolates were isolated identified as VIIi. level known calculating mean death time (MDT) intr...

Abstract Eritrea is an East African multiethnic country with intermediate endemicity for hepatitis B. Our aim was to establish the most prevalent genotypes of B virus (HBV) among patients liver disease. A total 293 Eritrean disease who were surface antigen (HBsAg) positive enrolled. All sera tested transaminases, HBV DNA viral load, and seromarkers including HBsAg, anti-HBcAb (total), HBeAg, an...

Hepatitis C virus is very common amongst population infected with viral hepatitis. A important point before deciding on the correct treatment stage of illness. More people are detected too late, and therefore was not efficient. highly sensitive selective screening system for early detection needed in order to cure patient cured. Therefore, this review summarizing new methods specific biomarkers...

conclusions the main and frequent hbv genotype among azerbaijani patients with chronic hepatitis b virus infection was genotype d followed by genotype a. results the mean age of patients was 35.9 ± 11.7 years (19-66). of 103 patients, 72 (69.9%) were male. in the present study, the predominant hbv genotype was d (93.2%) followed by genotype a (5.8%) and concurrent infection with a and d genotyp...

A group of 208 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected women in Brazil were studied for the presence of human papillomavirus with the general SPF(10) PCR primer set. Virtually all (98%) women were found positive for human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA. Genotyping by the reverse hybridization line probe assay (HPV-LiPA) revealed a high prevalence of multiple genotypes (78.9% of the cases), with a...

background and objectives : hepatitis c virus genotyping appears to be vital for predicting the response to antiviral therapy. the present study aimed to analyze the hcv genotypes in relation to persistence or clearance of the virus in residents of hamadan province, west-iran. material and methods : a total of 1159 recorded questionnaires of hcv infected people were evaluated in this prospectiv...

Arenaviruses are one of the largest families of human hemorrhagic fever viruses and are known to infect both mammals and snakes. Arenaviruses package a large (L) and small (S) genome segment in their virions. For segmented RNA viruses like these, novel genotypes can be generated through mutation, recombination, and reassortment. Although it is believed that an ancient recombination event led to...

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes and subgenotypes may vary in geographical distribution and virological features. Previous investigations, including ours, showed that HBV genotypes B and C were respectively predominant in South and North China, while genotypes A and D were infrequently detected and genotype G was not found. In this study, a novel A/C/G intergenotype was identified in patients ...

BACKGROUND Different factors like age, sex, route of infection, initial viral load, levels of liver function tests and genotypes may affect response to treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis C. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of these factors in the treatment of these patients. METHODS From 2004 to 2012, different genotypes of chronic HCV (Hepatitis C virus) patients...

BACKGROUND Global prevalence of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection corresponds to about 130 million HCV positive patients worldwide. The only drug that effectively reduces viral load is interferon-α (IFN-α) and currently combination of IFN and ribavirin is the choice for treatment. OBJECTIVES The present study is aimed to resolve the genotypes based on core gene that might affect the response ...