The aim of this study was to assess the correlation of serum vitamin D with ICU length of stay, mortality rate, length of mechanical ventilation, and incidence of sepsis. We conducted a descriptive analytic study on 793 patients admitted to surgical ICU wards in northwest of Iran from March 2015 to March 2016. Patients were assessed during the ICU stay and the following data were collect...

Background: Animal models and observational studies have suggested a favorable role of vitamin D in male reproduction. However, randomized clinical trials investigating the effect of vitamin D supplementation on male fertility are limited. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effect of vitamin D supplementation on semen quality, reproductive hormones, and anthropometric measurements in vi...

T he immune system is a fi nely tuned network that protects the host against foreign antigens, particularly infectious agents. Sometimes this network breaks down, causing the immune system to react inappropriately. Inappropriate immune responses may be (1) exaggerated against environmental antigens (allergy); (2) misdirected against the host’s own cells (autoimmunity); (3) directed against bene...

in this study, the aim was to determine whether adding vitamin d to the standard therapeutic regimen of schizophrenic male patients with inadequate vitamin d status could improve some aspects of the symptom burden or not. this study was an open parallel label randomized clinical trial. eighty patients with chronic stable schizophrenia with residual symptoms and vitamin d deficiency were recruit...

Background: Vitamin B12 and folate defi ciency can cause anemia which may lead growth and development impairments. This study was aimed to determine serum folate levels among infants aged 6–8 months and the relation to infants’ nutritional indicators and maternal knowledge-attitude-practice about infant feeding. Methods: A cross–sectional design was implemented in infants aged 6–8 months and th...

In ruminants, circulating vitamin D levels may be influenced by photoperiod, nutrition, physiological stage, ambient temperature, attitude and season, whereas, in meat, vitamin D content may be impacted by vitamin D status of animal, ageing and cooking. The information on nutritional value of camel milk and meat is largely available, but, there are very few reports evaluating the vitamin D leve...

background vitamin d deficiency is believed to cause variety of abnormalities such as liver stiffness and fibrosis. it is also shown that vitamin d deficiency may result in chronic liver disease or liver cirrhosis. in this study, we aimed to systematically review the literature wherein the relationship between vitamin d deficiency and the severity of chronic liver disease or liver cirrhosis had...

Advances in neuroscience and neurotechnology have necessitated discussions on the ways that such developments could be used as weapons in contexts of national security, intelligence, and defense. This paper defi nes the concept of neuroweapons, and elucidates operational issues associated with their use to aid informational and strategic intelligence, such as brain-machine interfaces to improve...

VIENNA ISBN 978–92–0–126510–4 ISSN 2075–3772 This publication on the assessment of iron bioavailability was developed as part of the IAEA’s continuing efforts to transfer knowledge and technology in the use of stable isotope techniques in nutrition. It provides information on the theoretical background and practical application of state of the art methodology to measure human iron absorption an...

Answer: B A 45-year-old man developed recurrent partial seizures with secondary generalisation. Four years earlier, he had fi rst presented with diplopia from left abducens palsy and right hemiparesthesia, followed by left hemiparesis 1 month later. His magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain scan done then is shown in Figure 1. His MRI cervical spine with contrast was unremarkable for any cord ...