In this study, the microscopic pore characteristics of shale in marine strata are evaluated. Based on field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), low-temperature N 2 adsorption (LT-N GA), low-pressure CO (LP-CO GA) and high-pressure methane (HPMA) experiments, 12 shales from Wufeng–Longmaxi Formations northern Yunnan Guizhou characterized qualitatively quantitatively. Fractal Frenkel–...

Relative diffuse reflection measurements from the original and ground surfaces using a He-Ne laser are reported. The intensity measurements for the metallic, transparent dielectric, matte plastic surfaces and colored papers are presented. Our results indicate that among metallic surfaces tested, aluminum has the highest diffuse reflectance; while the original stainless steel surface shows the l...

Albedo/reflectance is of great importance for glaciers’ mass balance and energy budget. Elevation could be a major factor of influence for glacier reflectance, and therefore when studying glacier reflectance, the altitude ranges should be considered. However, due to the limitations of traditional earth observation systems, conventional analyses usually consider the spatial and temporal patterns...

areas surrounding mines are severely vulnerable to pollution due to mine explorations, excavations and transportations. nowadays spectrophotometers and spectral reflectance are applied for estimating the concentration of pollutants due to high costs of sampling and laboratory measurements. this research was carried out to determine spatial distribution of lead concentration in soil particle siz...

Naturally occurring hydrocarbon fluids in sedimentary basins have economic, geological and environmental significance. Connecting basin temperature-time evolution with petroleum generation transformation is a long-studied problem. In this study, we investigate the use of novel tool – multiply substituted isotopologues methane, for distinguishing between different chemical mechanisms catagenesis...

In order to have a deeper insight into the accumulation mechanism of ultra-deep hydrocarbons, in this paper, recently discovered Ordovician light oil and gas deposits (>7200 m) Shunbei No. 1 fracture zone are studied intensively, including maturity, source kitchens, extent secondary alterations, possible migration directions, based on an analysis molecular compositions stable carbon isotopes...

publication of Letters containing new, significant material in (who in effect has served as the referee and whose sponsorrapidly advancing areas of optics judged compelling in their ship will be indicated in the published Letter) and A COMMITtimeliness. The author of such a Letter should have his MENT FROM THE AUTHOR'S INSTITUTION TO PAY THE PUBLICATION manuscript reviewed by an OSA Fellow who ...

In this paper we suggest a modification to the Beckmann-Kirchhoff model of rough surface reflectance that can be used for surfaces of intermediate roughness. One of the problems with the existing Beckmann model is that it fails for large angles of incidence. This problem was overcome for rough surfaces by Vernold and Harvey who use a Lambertian form factor. Here we take this work one step furth...

The palynofacies and kerogen analysis of the Upper Cretaceous units (Campanian-Maastrichtian) of the Anambra Basin, Southeastern Nigeria was carried out in the studied area. Two major palynofacies types were identified based on the abundance of particulate organic matter. The palynofacies ―A‖ is characterized by abundant phytoclasts, frequent opaqes common amorphous organic matter and carbon to...