Cognitive psychologists have often equaled retrieval of personal events with voluntary recall from autobiographical memory, but more recent research shows that autobiographical memories often come to mind involuntarily-that is, with no retrieval effort. Voluntary memories have been studied in numerous laboratory experiments in response to word-prompts, whereas involuntary memories primarily hav...

We investigate experimentally how explicit performance incentives in incomplete employment contracts interact with agents’ voluntary cooperation in one-shot and repeated gift-exchange experiments. If contracts are incentive compatible, agents choose their bestreply effort and there is no voluntary cooperation. By contrast, there is substantial voluntary cooperation if the contract is not incent...

We examine Nash implementation when individuals cannot be forced to accept the outcome of a mechanism. Two approaches are studied. The rst approach is static where a state-contingent participation constraint de nes an implicit mapping from rejected outcomes into outcomes that are individually rational. We call this voluntary implementation, and show that the constrained Walrasian correspondence...

The aim of this study was to determine the applicability and reliability of a transcranial magnetic stimulation twitch interpolation technique for measuring voluntary activation of a lower limb muscle group. Cortical voluntary activation of the knee extensors was determined in nine healthy men on two separate visits by measuring superimposed twitch torques evoked by transcranial magnetic stimul...

workers?deals with Voluntary Social Service inspired by the philanthropic motive. This section deals with a great variety of organizations, showing the way in which many of them have developed to meet the needs of a changing social structure. Particularly striking in this connection is the evolution of the Charity Organization Society with its emphasis on the giving of material aid, into the Fa...

The present study aims to investigate the effect of voluntary movements on human temporal perception in multisensory integration. We therefore performed temporal order judgment (TOJ) tasks in audio-tactile integration under three conditions: no movement, involuntary movement, and voluntary movement. It is known that the point of subjective simultaneity (PSS) under the no movement condition, tha...

1Univ Paris-Sud, Department of Biophysics and Nuclear Medicine, Le KremlinBicêtre, France. 2Department of Nuclear Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY. 3Department of Nuclear Medicine, St Bartholomew’s Hospital and Barts and the London, Queen Mary School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of London, London, United Kingdom. 4Department of Nucl...