Inguinal lymph node dissection represents the gold standard of treatment for patients with vulval carcinoma. The application of minimally invasive techniques, such as robotics, in the surgical treatment of gynecologic cancer, reduced the rate of postoperative complications, which has an important impact on the quality of patients' life. Robotic inguinal lymph node dissection is a safe and oncol...

Recent findings indicate that glycosaminoglycans can play important roles in animal development. The genes sqv-3, -7, and -8, which are necessary for vulval morphogenesis in Caenorhabditis elegans, affect the biosynthesis of chondroitin and heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans. We cloned sqv-1 and showed that the SQV-1 protein is a type II transmembrane protein that functions as a UDP-glucuronic ...

During Caenorhabditis elegans vulval development, an inductive signal from the anchor cell stimulates three of the six vulval precursor cells (VPCs) to adopt vulval rather than nonvulval epidermal fates. Genes necessary for this induction include the lin-3 growth factor, the let-23 receptor tyrosine kinase, and let-60 ras. lin-15 is a negative regulator of this inductive pathway. In lin-15 muta...

Abstract Aim Vulval lichen sclerosus (VLS) is an inflammatory skin disease characterised by pain, itching, burning, apareunia, loss of vulval architecture and scarring. Despite its detrimental effect on patients’ quality life, the evidence currently available treatments remains scarce. Significant heterogeneity in outcome reporting precludes evaluation meaningful comparison different treatment ...