Sleep/wake disturbance is a feature of almost all common age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Although the reason for this is unknown, it is likely that this inability to maintain sleep and wake states is in large part due to declines in the number and function of wake-active neurons, populations of cells that fire only during waking and are silent during sleep. Consistent with this, many of...

Bio-inspired aerodynamic designs have been mutually promoted by the studies on flapping wings in the past decades. Among the tons of researches topics, the wake formation/structure of an oscillating airfoil is more attractive, and it results in the development of both numerical methods and flow diagnostics techniques. In this paper, wake formation behind a sinusoidally piching NACA 0012 has bee...

The unsteady wake of an EPPLER 361 airfoil in pitching motion has been investigated in a subsonic wind tunnel by hot-wire anemometry. The airfoil was given the pitching motion about the one-quarter chord axis at reduced frequency of 0182. Streamwise mean velocity profiles (wake profiles) were investigated at several vertically aligned points behind the airfoil at one-quarter chord downstream di...

The aim of this study was to examine the validity of activity-based monitoring (actigraphy) for the assessment of sleep-wake patterns during the 1st year of life. Forty-one infants were directly observed for sleep-wake state determination by trained observers. Concomitant activity data obtained by actigraphs attached to the infants’ ankles during the observation were matched on a minute-by-minu...

Numerical simulations of the flow surrounding particle agglomerates were carried out using computational fluid dynamics to assess ability five RANS turbulence models estimate drag coefficient in agglomerates. Simulations steady conditions for Reynolds numbers between 1 and 1500. Streamlines showed that symmetrical present a velocity profile similar single sphere profile. Results both Spalart-Al...

A general free wake geometry calculation for wings and rotors is presented. The method, which has been implemented in CAMRAD II, gives good performance and airloads correlation at advance ratios of 0.05 and above, with reasonable computation speed. The wake geometry distortion can be calculated for multiple wings, multiple rotors, and non-identical blades; for all wake structures, including mul...

A flying aircraft disturbs the local atmosphere through which it flies creating a turbulent vortex at each wing tip known as a wake vortex. These vortices can persist for several minutes and endanger other aircraft traversing that turbulent airspace; large vortices are essentially invisible horizontal tornadoes and are a grave threat to smaller aircraft, especially during landing and take off. ...

From a physiological perspective the sleep-wake cycle can be envisioned as a sequence of three physiological states (wakefulness, non-rapid eye movement, NREM, sleep and REM sleep) which are defined by a particular neuroendocrine-immune profile regulating the metabolic balance, body weight and inflammatory responses. Sleep deprivation and circadian disruption in contemporary "24/7 Society" lead...

Two models have been proposed to describe the prey transport kinematics of terrestrial vertebrates (Bramble and Wake, 1985; Reilly and Lauder, 1990). The critical difference between the models is the presence or absence of a slow open-II phase (SO-II) in the gape profile during mouth opening. Each of these models has been applied to lizards, however to date, lizard feeding kinematics have not b...