The Great War was the beginning of the settlement of the Russian population in the town of Bjelovar in war conditions, most often as prisoners of war directed to the treatment of the military or civilian hospital. Thus, in Bjelovar during the Great War died 71 members of the Russian people, principally the soldiers, prisoners. Some were later permanently inhabited, founded by his family and wor...

Wartime fertility decline and post-war rebound in fertility have been found in both Western societies after the World Wars as well as in war-affected areas in developing countries. The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) seems to deviate from this pattern, maintaining a high total fertility rate despite the Congolese wars of 1996-2003 and lingering conflict in East DRC. This study explores the r...

It is often observed that public support for non-existential wars diminishes over time, but the micro foundations of this observation as well as its implications for states’ war-fighting capabilities are unclear. I present a modified war of attrition model in which an exogenous event can end the war and the rate of that event is unknown to players. Players’ expectation for the remaining duratio...

I use a game theoretic model of diversionary war incentives to help explain the lack of a consistent empirical relationship between domestic conditions and the use of force abroad. I argue that when diversionary behavior is about demonstrating competence rather than creating a short-term ‘‘rally round the flag’’ effect, a leader has incentives to use force against a challenging target, and this...

On 11 September 2001, President George W Bush declared a ‘war against terrorism’ but the official response to the attacks on America soon became known as the ‘war on terror’. The main aim of this paper is to report the findings of a corpus study designed to assess whether war on and war against are genuinely interchangeable. The findings show that war on is predominantly used for metaphorical w...

Many political scientists and policymakers argue that unmediated events—the successes and failures on the battlefield—determine whether the mass public will support military excursions. The public supports war, the story goes, if the benefits of action outweigh the costs of conflict. Other scholars contend that the balance of elite discourse influences public support for war. I draw upon survey...

Letendre, Fincher & Thornhill (2010) argue that pathogen intensity provides the ultimate explanation for why some countries are more prone to civil war than others. They argue that the economic and political factors highlighted in previous research on civil war are largely caused by underlying differences in pathogen intensity, and contend that disease proneness increases the risk of civil war ...

On War and Morality By Robert Holmes Princeton University Press, 2014 Princeton University Press has republished Holmes’s work as part of the Princeton Legacy Library, a project to expand access to scholarly works no longer in print. Writing in the late 1980s, Holmes, professor emeritus of philosophy at Rochester, argued that the threat of nuclear war resulted in the respectability of conventio...

Long-term complications of retained war fragments in the body are not completely known. Also, bullet migration and slow resorption of metals and distortion in some imaging modalities are frequent and well recognized complications but, now we are concerned about neoplastic changes near the retained war fragments. We reviewed the literature on complication of retained war fragments and report our...

Trade flow has been found to be correlated with war; that is, the more trade there is between nations, the less likely they are to go to war with each other. We explore further graph analysis on a data set of trade between countries originally compiled to analyze how trade influences war alliances and country stability. What was missing from this study was seeing if war trends could have been s...