The totality of effects of a particular drug on patients cannot be truly assessed until many patients have taken it. In order to assess the side effects of any drug, many thousands of patients may have to be observed, and the observation may have to extend over decades. Quinacrine hydrochloride (quinacrine) was used as a malarial-suppressive drug by allied soldiers during World War II. The most...

long-term complications of retained war fragments in the body are not completely known. also, bullet migration and slow resorption of metals and distortion in some imaging modalities are frequent and well recognized complications but, now we are concerned about neoplastic changes near the retained war fragments. we reviewed the literature on complication of retained war fragments and report our...

On April 1, 2003, we published a set of contingent predictions about the likely length of the U.S.–Iraq war that began on March 19, 2003. The predictions were made by applying the statistical model of war duration developed in Bennett and Stam (1996). In this article, we assess the accuracy of our (then) forecast, and then present new predictions from the model about the expected length of a pu...

Vladimir A. Oppel (1872-1932) was a forefather of military trauma systems. As a surgeon in the Russian Army in World War I, Oppel experienced the challenges and inefficiencies associated with caring for large numbers of combat wounded, the inefficiencies he observed leading to unacceptable morbidity and mortality. As a consequence, Oppel envisioned a coordinated sequence of surgical care on the...

through a decree of imam khomeini, the jihad-e sazandegi organ was formed in 1979 with the aim of rebuilding rural regions and providing services to the deprived areas. initially, it was not thought the jihad to be also involved in uncivil activities as well, but with the beginning of the conflicts before the imposed war and then the war itself, the necessaries required this organization to do ...

this paper first focuses on the necessity of cooperation among human beings, and then offers objective and subjective reasons for higher cooperation among human beings compared to animals. the paper tries to proove that cooperation precedes war and is more normal than the latter. ln fact, the history of war and conflict both is shorter than the war in human societies, and more exceptional. war,...

conclusions in veterans' family, psychological health of the veterans and marital adjustment of the parents have a significant relationship with their children's quality of life and happiness. results global severity index (gsi) scores of veterans and veteran's age were inversely correlated with the scores of children's quality of life, while marital adjustment of parents and number of rooms in...

purpose: to evaluate anophthalmic socket complications and the incidence of sympathetic ophthalmia among individuals who had undergone primary enucleation or severe ocular trauma during the war between iran and iraq. methods: all monocular veterans of the mentioned war in khorasan province, iran were recalled during a 7-month period. preliminary data including age at the time of injury, occupat...