Water resources in arid and semi-arid regions are heavily influenced by climate change, water shortage, water regulations, and increased water demands. Monthly discharge is one of the most important factors in hydrological studies. Some of the basins are not equipped with adequate hydrometric equipment. In such a case, average monthly discharge could be estimated by regional monthly water balan...

A multi-year, multi-technique study was conducted to measure evapotranspiration and its components within an uneven-aged mixed deciduous forest in the Southeastern United States. Four different measurement techniques were used, including soil water budget (1 year), sap flow (2 years), eddy covariance (5 years), and catchment water budget (31 years). Annual estimates of evapotranspiration were s...

an industrial gas turbine has the characteristic of decreasing output power on hot summer days while electricity demand peaks. steam injection in gas turbines has been used for many years to prevent the loss of performance of gas turbines caused by high ambient temperature. vodoley system is a closed steam injection gas turbine cycle (csigtc), which is known as a self-sufficient in steam produc...

The purpose of the present study was the simulation of climate change effects on groundwater resources in Iran by using the dynamic systems approach. The approach was performed through system dynamics modeling process including problem explanation, system description, model development, model testing, and the use of the model for policy analysis. The impact of the application of various exogeno...

[1] In recent publications, a new basin-scale dataset of monthly variations in terrestrial water storage (BSWB) was derived for the ERA40 time period (1958–2002) using an atmospheric-terrestrial water-balance approach (Seneviratne et al., 2004; Hirschi et al., 2006). Here, we test the feasibility of using ECMWF operational forecast analyses – available for the recent time period in near real ti...

We assess the water balance of the Brazilian Cerrado based on remotely sensed estimates of precipitation (TRMM), evapotranspiration (MOD16), and terrestrial water storage (GRACE) for the period from 2003 to 2010. Uncertainties for each remotely sensed data set were computed, the budget closure was evaluated using measured discharge data for the three largest river basins in the Cerrado, and the...

The long-term regulation of arterial pressure requires the maintenance of a balance between sodium and water intake and sodium and water excretion. Normal salt and water balance leads to stable body fluid volumes and the maintenance of normal renal function is critical to establishing extracellular fluid volume homeostasis. This review focuses on the role of the kidney in the long-term control ...