In South Korea, groundwater intended for use in greenhouse cultivation is collected from shallow riverside aquifers as part of agricultural activities during the winter season. This study quantified effects intensive intake on and examined roles nearby rivers this process. Observation data were approximately two years six wells river-level observation points site. Furthermore, river water level...

To monitor water quality continuously over the entire sewer network is important for efficient management of the system. However, it is practically impossible to implement continuous water quality monitoring of all junctions of a sewer system due to budget constraints. Therefore, water quality monitoring locations must be selected as those points which are the most representative of the dataset...

Components of the energy budget were measured above a subalpine coniferous forest over two complete annual cycles. Sensible and latent heat fluxes were measured by eddy covariance. Bowen ratios ranged from 0.7 to 2.5 in the summer (June–September) depending upon the availability of soil water, but were considerably higher (∼3–6) during winter (December–March). Energy budget closure averaged bet...

When evaluating of the senior manager’s performance is based on the achieving to budget and they have responsibility to report the capacity of resources which are in their part too; it is possible to create budget slack and effect on their performance evaluation by providing pessimistic and conservatively estimates or manipulated information of income and expenses. So, Senior Manager and Budget...

16 17 Climate variability and climate change induce important intra-and inter-annual variability of 18 precipitation that significantly alters the hydrologic cycle. The surface water budgets and the plant or 19 ecosystem water use efficiency (WUE) are in turn modified. Obtaining greater insight into how 20 climatic variability and agricultural practices affect water budgets and regarding their ...

Efforts to improve water security have led to the development of Contamination Warning Systems (CWS) aimed at providing early indication of contamination, accidental or intentional, in drinking water systems. Sensors that detect changes in water quality are a critical component. Because the extent of any monitoring system is constrained by a limited budget, focus is placed on optimizing the pla...