In the present paper, a series of totally novel bio-nanocomposite films from cellulose laurate (CL) and starch nanocrystals acetate (SNA) were fabricated, and the properties of nanocomposite films were investigated in detail. SNA was obtained by modifying starch nanocrystals (SNs) produced by sulfuric acid hydrolysis of corn starch with acetic anhydride. The favorable dispersity of SNA in chlor...

We investigate the hydrogen bonding percolation threshold of water molecules at the surface of the liquid-vapor interface. We show that the percolation temperature agrees within statistical accuracy with the high-temperature inflection point of the water surface tension. We associate the origin of this surface tension anomaly of water with the sudden breakup of the hydrogen-bonding network in t...

Brightness temperatures at 22.234, 23.834 and 30 GHz and corresponding rain rates were measured using a ground based radiometer and a fast response optical rain gauge co-located with the radiometer during the year 2009 at Cauchuria, Paulista (22.57 0 S, 89 0 W), Brazil. A statistical analysis reveals that the number of occurrences goes beyond 200 times for rain rate up to 15 mm/hr. It was obser...

A surface fluorescence method was developed to measure transalveolar transport of water, protons, and solutes in intact perfused lungs. Lungs from c57 mice were removed and perfused via the pulmonary artery (approximately 2 ml/min). The airspace was filled via the trachea with physiological saline containing a membrane-impermeant fluorescent indicator (FITC-dextran or aminonapthalene trisulfoni...

this study concerns the scope to improve water flooding in heterogeneous reservoirs. we used an existing, in-house developed, optimization program consisting of a reservoir simulator in combination with an adjoint-based optimal control algorithm. in particular we aimed to examine the scope for optimization in a two-dimensional horizontal reservoir containing a single high permeable streak, as a...

Eco-friendly and greener barrier materials are required to replace the synthetic packaging as they produce a threat environment. These can be fabricated by natural polymers such cellulose nanofiber (CNF). The sustainability of CNF was so amazing due its potential for circular economy provides alternative platform plastics. challenging task fabricate films still existed also current methods have...

[1] We describe the first use of a general circulation model to study the Martian water cycle. Water is treated as a passive tracer, except for ice-albedo coupling. The model is used to assess which mechanisms and water reservoirs are critical to the seasonal evolution of water and specifically the attainment of an interannually repeatable steady state. The model comes to a reasonable steady st...

a bionanocomposite film was developed by nanoclay incorporation to chitosan films, using a solution casting method and the effects of nanoclay concentration (0.5, 1.0, and 3% w/w) on the physical and mechanical properties of the chitosan films were evaluated. moreover, x-ray diffraction (xrd), scanning electron microscopy, and fourier transform infrared spectra (ftir) were used for studying mic...

The impact of ‘non-rainfall’ water on soil is important in arid zones. In that environment, the amount of dew can exceed that of rainfall, or even be the sole source of liquid water for plants. However, since plants cover only a small fraction of the desert surface, such assessments apply only to a small proportion of the area. In the absence of fog, dew formation and direct water vapor adsorpt...

The updating concerns mainly the sensitivity analysis. The model is not anymore monochromatic, the system matrix K is now calculated separately for the two contributions water vapor and CO2 : K=KH2O+KCO2. The contribution of 0.04 % CO2 is small as compared to the contribution of 3.5 % water vapor: for the global and annual mean evacuation the contributions of CO2 and water vapor could be dealt ...