Neat biodiesels are not preferred for use in the compression ignition (CI) engines due to their high viscosities and related operational difficulties. This study investigated fuel properties combustion characteristics when 2-butoxyethanol additive was mixed separately with waste cooking oil biodiesel (W100) rapeseed (R100). Compared neat biodiesels, (at 40 °C) of W100 R100 were reduced by 12.5%...

The esterification of oleic acid was applied in order to screen the suitability a series phosphotungstic-based Wells-Dawson types compounds as potential catalysts heterogeneous transesterification sunflower waste cooking oil. This test reaction indicated that phosphotungstic heteropolyacid H6P2W18O62·xH2O, dispersed on titania oxide loading 15 mg per m2 support (named 42% HPA/TiO2) and possessi...

This study is motivated by the depletion of fossil fuels in nature, which inversely proportional to higher level fuel oil consumption, so need for alternative fuels, namely biodiesel. Biodiesel can be made using waste cooking because its abundant quantity, low price, and not being reused. One efforts achieve energy conservation improve quality bioadditives. A lemon essential used as a bio-addit...

Nanocatalysts play a significant role to improve the thermal and physical properties of biodiesel. In present work, multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as an additive with fraction 30, 40, 50 ppm are dispersed different biodiesel–diesel blends 10%, 30%, 50% waste cooking oil (WCO)-based biodiesel (B10, B30, B50) for prediction four-stroke compression ignition (CI) engine emissions using multi...

ed over and the resulting meaning is taken as argument of the generalized quantifier which we are calling the “binder”.) Consider now though the following question: what is the level of representation at which the “binder” must c-command the “bindee”? Obviously this cannot be a requirement on LF the fact that the “binder” must c-command the “bindee” at LF is true by definition (and given standa...

The current trend is the use of biodiesel as an alternative fuel, one used cooking oil. Not many Indonesian people are aware great potential for utilizing oil or what commonly called (waste vegetable WVO, also known waste WCO and UCO). aim to minimize pollution used/used in surrounding environment environmental conservation, know characteristics quality requirements oil/used from dormitory X be...

Biodiesel is considered to be more friendly the environment than petroleum-based fuels, cheaper and capable for producing greener energy which contributed positively in boosting bio-economy. In this work, waste cooking oil (WCO) converted into biodiesel utilizing a eggshell (CaO) nano-catalyst an effort discover environmentally beneficial economically viable processes social economic developmen...

Magnetic bifunctional nanocatalyst supported on activated carbon (AC), CaO-Fe2O3/AC was synthesized via wet impregnation method and utilized for catalytic transesterification of waste cooking oil (WCO). A series characterization techniques were performed to determine acid-base properties, magnetism, thermal stability, crystallinity, chemical composition, surface morphology the catalyst. The BET...

The digital economy is a global trend and it intensified during the pandemic that hit entire world, which why currently public institutions must invest in technology to be able adapt administrative procedures electronic procedures, eliminating barriers of time space with purpose improving quality transparency service. Customs entrance door exit for people goods are object foreign trade, categor...

Nowadays, worldwide, many countries are engaged in reducing the vehicular exhaust emissions from diesel engines as main source of power various transport applications. Biofuels obtained feedstocks serve a better alternative fuel CI because its emission capabilities. The major drawback usage biofuels engine is rise formation nitrogen oxides which would be harmful to human health. WCO biofuel was...