In 2021, there are reportedly 2,755 billionaires on Earth, with an estimated total net worth of $13.1 trillion. Every year the newspaper Forbes conducts list World Billionaires, but we need to acknowledge that, not all and their wealth gets reported. Usually, is reported by calculating number stocks shares that person owns. We take into consideration see in exists only paper, amount money bank ...

• Observe that land sales markets between large landlords and small peasants are thin/segmented because: 1. Land is overpriced for small buyers relative to value in use (borrowing capacity): the price of land internalizes tax advantages, expected speculative gains, wealth sheltering, social status effects, and collateral value. 2. Smallholders do not have access to long term credit. 3. Even if ...

This paper generates two main contributions. First, it provides a new theory of wealth inequality that merges two empirically relevant forces generating inequality: bequest motives and inheritance of ability across generations; and an earnings process that allows for more earnings risk for the richest. Second, it uses the resulting calibrated framework to study the effects of changing estate ta...

Wealth transfer tax systems based on inheritances and inter vivos gifts, rather than estates, allow donors to shift wealth among potential recipients with the goal of minimizing burdens. However, minimization often requires donor give up control over if transfers are made as vivos. Usually, such behavior is difficult analyze many heirs different schedules involved. In this article, we study a s...

In this paper we consider some elementary and fair zero-sum games of chance in order to study the impact of random effects on the wealth distribution of N interacting players. Even if an exhaustive analytical study of such games between many players may be tricky, numerical experiments highlight interesting asymptotic properties. In particular, we emphasize that randomness plays a key role in c...

This is a response to five critical commentaries on my 2018 book The Inheritance of Wealth , these being the papers in this symposium from Miranda Perry Fleischer, Jonathan Wolff, Stewart Braun, Nicholas Barry, and Colin Macleod. After brief review some recent empirical data inherited wealth, replies concentrate central themes discussed by authors. These include question how connect inheritance...

Charitable Bequests and Wealth at Death Charitable bequests are a major source of income for charities but surprisingly little is known about them. The aim of this paper is to propose a multi-stage framework for analysing the bequest decision and to examine the evidence for Great Britain provided by new data on estates. The novelty of the framework is that it distinguishes between the different...

The involvement of governments in the home care sector strongly varies across Europe. This study aims to explain the differences through the conditions for the involvement of informal care and governments in society; wealth and the demographic structure. As this study could combine qualitative data and quantitative data analyses, it could consider larger patterns than previous studies which wer...