We introduce a framework for lightweight dependency syntax annotation. Our formalism builds upon the typical representation for unlabeled dependencies, permitting a simple notation and annotation workflow. Moreover, the formalism encourages annotators to underspecify parts of the syntax if doing so would streamline the annotation process. We demonstrate the efficacy of this annotation on three ...

This paper shows how to introduce predicative adjunction in a dependency grammar inspired from TAG, MTT and RG. The addition of predicative adjunction allows us to obtain a modular surface syntactic grammar, the derivation structures of which can be interpreted as semantic representations.

In this talk, we contend that, for NLs, the divide between model-theoretic semantics and proof-theoretic semantics has not been well-understood. In particular, the formal semantics based on modern type theories (MTTs) may be seen as both model-theoretic and prooftheoretic. To be more precise, it may be seen both ways in the sense that the NL semantics can first be represented in an MTT in a mod...

since the publication of anscombe’s famous paper “modern moral philosophy” (1958), virtue ethics has become a matter of discussion among scholars. at least four charges have been raised against virtue ethics, one of which is the charge of promoting undue enthusiasm regarding the moral fitness of human beings. this article explores the limits of virtue ethics with regard to the frailty of human ...

While serving as a Visiting Fellow at Lancaster University, I was asked to lead an informal seminar on Classical Philosophy. It was to be a reading group of postgraduate students and staff, focusing on two foundational texts of Western civilization: Plato’s Republic and Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics. I happily accepted. The resulting two-hour, weekly sessions over Michaelmas Term were lively t...

We did our best to answer the remaining concerns of the reviewer. In particular, we understand the concerns with the standardization of cystatin C measurements. At the time of the study planning and execution there were no clear international recommendations about standardization of cystatin C measurements. The recommendation about this standardization has been made just very recently and it wa...

The semantic annotation of dialogue corpora permits building efficient language understanding applications for supporting enjoyable and effective human-machine interactions. Nevertheless, the annotation process could be costly, time-consuming and complicated, particularly the more expressive is the semantic formalism. In this work, we propose a bootstrapping architecture for the semantic annota...

We consider first order modal logic C firstly defined by Carnap in “Meaning and Necessity” [1]. We prove elimination of nested modalities for this logic, which gives additionally the Skolem-Löwenheim theorem for C. We also evaluate the degree of unsolvability for C, by showing that it is exactly 0′. We compare this logic with the logics of Henkin quantifiers, Σ1 logic, and SO. We also shortly d...

two meanings regarding the principality of existence (isālat al-wujūd) can be inferred from the works and words of mulla sadra. one meaning is the objectivity of existence and essence on which many issues of transcendental philosophy are based. this meaning has deep philosophical consequences and implications. it seems that this meaning causes certain problems which make its acceptance tricky. ...