Sleep reduction impairs the performance of many tasks, so it may affect a basic cognitive process, such as working memory, crucial for the execution of a broad range of activities. Working memory has two storage components: a phonological and a visuospatial component. The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of sleep reduction for 5 days on the storage components of working memory...

Highly virulent avian influenza viruses can arise from avirulent strains maintained in poultry, but evidence to support their generation from viruses in wild birds is lacking. The most likely mechanism for the acquisition of virulence by benign avian viruses is the introduction of mutations by error-prone RNA polymerase, followed by the selection of virulent viruses. To investigate whether this...

OBJECTIVES To investigate the presence and the genetic environment of the multiresistance gene cfr in naturally occurring Gram-negative bacteria of pigs. METHODS A total of 391 bacterial isolates with florfenicol MICs of ≥16 mg/L, obtained from 557 nasal swabs of individual pigs, were screened by PCR for the known florfenicol resistance genes. The species assignment of the cfr-carrying isolat...

To identify plant defense components that are important in restricting the growth of virulent pathogens, we screened for Arabidopsis mutants in the accession Columbia (carrying the transgene BGL2-GUS) that display enhanced disease susceptibility to the virulent bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola (Psm) ES4326. Among six (out of a total of 11 isolated) enhanced disease suscept...

An easier assessment model would be helpful for high-throughput screening of Aeromonas virulence. The previous study indicated the potential of Tetrahymena as a permissive model to examine virulence of Aeromonas hydrophila. Here our aim was to assess virulence of Aeromonas spp. using two model hosts, a zebrafish assay and Tetrahymena-Aeromonas co-culture, and to examine whether data from the Te...

the response of plants to drought stress depends on several factors including the plant developmental stage and the length and severity of the stress applied. common bean (phaseolus vulgaris l.) is the most important pulse crop that is cultivated worldwide for human consumption. understanding of the mechanisms responsible for its response to drought is, therefore, essential. an increasing numbe...

Plants produce various proteinaceous inhibitors to protect themselves against microbial pathogen attack. A xyloglucan-specific endo-b-1,4-glucanase inhibitor1 gene, CaXEGIP1, was isolated and functionally characterized in pepper (Capsicum annuum) plants. CaXEGIP1 was rapidly and strongly induced in pepper leaves infected with avirulent Xanthomonas campestris pv vesicatoria, and purified CaXEGIP...

the aim of this study was to determine the presence of toxin genes in clostridium perfringens isolated from 200minced meat samples using molecular typing. for this purpose, after isolation of clostridium perfringens using conventional culture method and confirmation by specific 16srd na gene pcr, alpha (cpa), beta (cpb), beta 2 (cpb2),epsilon (etx), iota (ia) and enterotoxin (cpe) genes were in...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Serenoa repens extracts (SrE) have been used for centuries in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). According to recommendations that each product should be examined separately, including its tolerability and toxicity, we conducted this study in order to broaden the current cognition about tolerability and toxicity of SrE, in particular of German brand P...