We calculate the inclusive charmless semileptonic decay width of the B meson using a QCD-based approach. This approach is able to account for both dynamic and kinematic effects of nonperturbative QCD. The charmless semileptonic decay width is found to be enhanced by long-distance strong interactions by +(7± 5)% with respect to the free quark decay width. Using the resulting theoretical value fo...

Monoidal width was recently introduced by the authors as a measure of complexity decomposing morphisms in monoidal categories. We have shown that category cospans graphs, and its variants can be used to capture tree width, path branch width. In this paper we study matrices, an extension different open where connectivity information is handled with matrix algebra graphs are composed along edges ...

We investigate the variation of the ratio of the equivalent widths of the FeIIλ2600 line to the MgIIλλ2796,2803 doublet as a function of redshift in a large sample of absorption lines drawn from the Johns Hopkins University Sloan Digital Sky Survey Absorption Line Catalog. We find that despite large scatter, the observed ratio shows a trend where the equivalent width ratio R ≡ WFeII/WMgII decre...