The complications of mechanical lithotripsy include a trapped basket surrounding the stone, fracture of the basket wires or the main operation wire, malfunction of the mechanical lithotriptor crank handle, and ductal injury [1,2]. Impaction of a basket with a captured stone inside occurs occasionally not only during mechanical lithotripsy but also during removal of small stones with non-lithotr...

We study the effect of Coulomb interactions on the conductance of a single-mode quantum wire connecting two bulk leads. When the density of electrons in the wire is very low, they arrange in a finite-length Wigner crystal. In this regime the electron spins form an antiferromagnetic Heisenberg chain with an exponentially small coupling J. An electric current in the wire perturbs the spin chain a...

An antenna model is proposed for long (L >> A) lasers with subwavelength cross sections (wire lasers). It is shown that the far-field pattern of the wire lasers is determined by the ratio of the wavelength to the length. The radiation of the wire laser is predicted to be concentrated in a narrow beam theta approximately radical(2lambda/L) for laser modes where the longitudinal phase velocity is...

In this paper we present the impact of hot wire geometry and fluid characteristics on the efficiency of a hot wire to be used as a wall shear stress sensor. Finite differences and finite elements modelling based simulators were used in order to evaluate the thermal performances of hot wire wall shear stress sensor. Several structures were explored including simple conductor or suspended above a...

This paper presents a method concerning the integration of the benefit/cost analysis and the real genetic algorithm with various elements of reservoir dam design. The version 4.0 of HEC-RAS software and Hydro-Rout models have been used to simulate the region and flood routing in the reservoir of the dam, respectively. A mathematical programming has been prepared in MATLAB software and linked wi...

EFT requires that the company being debited must authorize the transaction. This cable in other countries whose banking systems are different than those in the USA. Electronic fund transfers (EFT) as a process has been around for many years, although it is only lately that its importance in the electronic commerce cycle is being understood. This article relates to the electronic fund transfer s...

We investigate transmission through a short wire with electron-electron interactions which is coupled to noninteracting metallic leads by coupling matrix elements. We identify two temperature regimes (a) T Kondo < T ≤ T wire = ¯ hv F /k B d (d is the length of the interacting wire) and (b) T < T Kondo ≪ T wire. In the first regime the effective (renormalized) electron-electron interaction is sm...

We consider a single-server queue with Poisson arrivals, where holding costs are continuously incurred as a non-decreasing function of the queue length. The queue length evolves as a birth-and-death process with constant arrival rate λ = 1 and with state-dependent service rates μn that can be chosen from a fixed subset A of [0,∞). Finally, there is a non-decreasing cost-of-effort function c(·) ...

Current VLSI technology allows more than two wiring layers and the number is expected to rise in future. In this paper, we show that, by designing VLSI layouts directly for an L-layer model, the layout area for a variety of networks can be reduced by a factor of about L 2 2 compared to the layout area required under a 2-layer model, and the volume and maximum wire length can be reduced by a fac...

We show that long-ranged superconducting order is not necessary to guarantee the existence of Majorana fermion zero modes at the ends of a quantum wire. We formulate a concrete model, which applies, for instance, to a semiconducting quantum wire with strong spin-orbit coupling and Zeeman splitting coupled to a wire with algebraically decaying superconducting fluctuations. We solve this model by...