OBJECTIVES Use of withdrawal (coitus interruptus) has consequences for reproductive health, but few nationally representative studies exist. We (1) examined patterns of withdrawal among 15- to 24-year-old women and men, and (2) explored withdrawal's associations with sociodemographic, psychological, and sexual factors. STUDY DESIGN Using data from the 2006-2010 National Survey of Family Growt...

this research was done to test the effect of rosa damascena essential oil on withdrawal signsof naloxone-precipitated morphine in male mice. morphine dependence was induced by injection(ip) three times daily at doses of 50, 50 and 75 mg/kg, respectively, for 3 days. on day 4,after the last administration of morphine, rosa damascena essential oil was administered atdifferent concentrations (5, 2...

in this study using clonidine (a mixed ?2 /i1 receptors agonist), tizanidine (pure ?2-receptor agonist), rilmenidine (i1 receptor agonist) and yohimbine (?2-receptor antagonist), we tried to clarify the role of imidazoline and ?2-receptors in morphine withdrawal syndrome. morphine-dependence was induced by administration of increasing doses of morphine in mice. after the last administration of ...

poisoning remains a major cause of hospital admission into the emergency department and intensive care unit. proper diagnosis is the cornerstone for optimal management of poisoned patients. since the definitive analytical confirmation of the nature of the toxicant involved in the poisoning cannot be rapidly obtained in the majority of healthcare facilities, diagnosis relies on the medical histo...

background and objective: traditional iranian medicine (tim) has a long history in the field of diagnosis and treatment of various diseases, particularly addiction. different therapeutic methods have been recommended in this respect. one of these methods is the replacement of natural narcotics instead of opium. hab-o shefa is a natural product of tim which has been used as an alternative for op...

This study examined the determinants of social withdrawal using data from a survey by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government Office for Youth Affairs and Public Safety (2008). In addition, this study identified young people who showed an affinity for social withdrawal although they were not in a state of withdrawal, and examined the determinants of an affinity for social withdrawal. The results of s...

In the present study, the effects of intra-locus coeruleus injection of a dopamine D(1) receptor agonist (SKF38393) on naloxone-induced withdrawal signs of morphine-dependent rats were examined. Twenty different withdrawal signs were assessed. The total withdrawal score was calculated and used as an index of withdrawal intensity for comparison. The D(1) agonist and antagonist were injected 15 a...

Alcohol withdrawal is a syndrome that is the result of adaptive changes in the brain secondary to chronic alcohol use and is associated with changes in many neurotransmitter, neuropeptide, and hormonal systems. Long-term exposure to ethanol leads to an imbalance in different excitatory (especially glutamate, a major excitatory amino acid), and inhibitory neurotransmitter (especially GABA, a maj...

Chronic opioid-induced drug dependence and withdrawal syndrome after opioid cessation remain a severe obstacle in clinical treatment of chronic pain and opioid drug addiction. One of the key symptoms during opioid withdrawal is a state of sensitized pain. The most significant molecular adaptation induced by chronic opioids in the brain is upregulation of the cAMP-signaling pathway. Although the...

BACKGROUND The side effects of steroid are serious problems in renal transplant patients. However, withdrawal of steroid has been controversial. We evaluated the benefits and risk of early steroid withdrawal after renal transplantation. PATIENTS AND METHODS The outcomes of early steroid withdrawal from triple immunosuppressive drug therapy were analyzed in four living related and one cadaveri...