This chapter focuses on the rural dimensions of the ‘two economies’ debate, and in particular on the question of what contribution land and agrarian reform can make to reducing inequality and addressing the structural nature of rural poverty in post-apartheid South Africa. It suggests that the problem needs to be conceptualised in terms of an ‘agrarian question of the dispossessed’, that can on...

Prior research suggests that economic deprivation has a generally negative influence on residents' health. We employ hierarchical logistic regression modeling to test if economic deprivation presents respiratory health risks or benefits to Hispanic children living in the City of El Paso (Texas, USA) at neighborhood- and individual-levels, and whether individual-level health effects of economic ...

A U.S.-based geographer and specialist in India’s urbanization, industrialization, and development outcomes surveys the state of comparative regional development in India, utilizing multiple definitions of “region” and “development.” Much of the analysis is undertaken at the scale of India’s state-level administrative units, with some additional analysis based on groups of states (meta-regions)...

Public policy aimed at building capacity among the extremely poor (support for food and nutrition; health; education and, more recently, financial services), combined with a stable macroeconomic environment, has proved to be successful for poverty alleviation in Mexico. Even though overall poverty is still very pronounced, about four million people originally in extreme or intermediate poverty ...

This paper investigates the nexus among poverty, ethnicity and conflict in Sri Lanka. The ethnicised conflict in Sri Lanka is embedded in and is an expression of existing social, political, economic and cultural structures. The civil war is thus not a temporary crisis, but a long-enduring feature. Rural societies in the war -affected areas are characterised by ‘distressed livelihoods’ or ‘livel...

This study aims to measure the impact of education, unemployment, per capita spending, inflation on poverty and gini ratio in Makassar City. The methodology this is use a quantitative approach based path analysis. results found that unemployment rate had positive effect or other words directly proportional relationship. Conversely, average length schooling expenditure have negative poverty, wor...

In the last two decades, across a range of countries high growth rates have reduced poverty but have been accompanied by rising inequality. This paper is motivated by this stylized fact, and by the strong distributional concerns that persist among populations and policy makers alike, despite the poverty reduction observed in official statistics where growth has been sufficiently high. This seem...

After around twenty years of neglect, inequality has been brought out of the cold. Inequality has re-entered the mainstream development policy agenda by featuring prominently in the World Bank’s World Development Report 2000/01. Inequality matters in its own right (see Inequality Briefing No 1) and it is key to reducing poverty. This paper draws on recent research to explore in what ways inequa...

We studied the impact of antiretroviral treatment availability on HIV/AIDS stigma through interviews with 118 antiretroviral treatment users, HIV/AIDS caregivers, and nurses in Zimbabwe. Treatment enables positive social and economic participation through which users can begin to reconstruct their shattered sense of social value. However, stigma remains strong, and antiretroviral treatment user...